நாலடியாரில் உவம உருபுகள்

ehybahhpy; ctk cUGfs;.

ehD}W ntz;ghf;fhis cila ehybahh; vd;Dk; ,e;E}y; jdp xUthpd; gilg;G md;W@ rkzKdpth;fs; gyh; vOjpa ghly;fspd; njhFg;ghFk;. mwk; $Wk; ,e;E}ypy; fhzyhFk; ctk cUGfs; Fwpj;J Ma;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fk; MFk;.

ctk cUGfs;

    cyfpaypy; ahjDk; xU nghUisf; fz;lJk; mjNdhL gpwpnjhU nghUis VNjDk; xU tifapy; xg;gpl;L vz;ZtJk; xg;gpl;Lf; $WtJk; kdpj ,ay;G. ,t;nthg;gPl;L Kiw cyf tof;fpYk; ,yf;fpa tof;fpYk; vLj;jhsg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid> ctik vd;gh;. ,t;Tikiaf; $Wq;fhy; ctikiaAk; nghUisAk; nghUj;Jtjw;F ,ilapy; xU nrhy; Ntz;Lk;. mr;nrhy;Yf;F ctk cUG vd;W ngah;. ~~ctk cUGfisg; gw;wpg; gpw ,yf;fz E}y;fis tpl kpFjpahd fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wk; njhy;fhg;gpah; ctik (282)> ctkk; (283) vd;Dk; nrhw;fshy; Fwpj;Js;shh;. ctikapd; $Wfs; gw;wp tpsf;Fk; tPuNrhopak; ctk cUGfis nkhopatpy;iy. Mdhy; tPuNrhopa ciu Nkw;Nfhs; E}w;gh xg;Gikr; nrhy; vd nkhopfpd;wJ|| ¹. ~~jz;bayq;fhuk; ctikr; nrhy;||² vdTk; ~~khwd;myq;fhuk; (96)³> njhd;D}y; tpsf;fk; (330) cUG||⁴ vdTk; ~~Rthkpehjk; xg;GUT (184)⁵ vdTk; ~~re;jpuNyhfk; (6) thrfk;||⁶ vdTk; ~~Ftyahde;jk; (#) ctikapd; trdk;||⁷ vdTk; Fwpf;fpd;wd.

ctk cUGfs; gw;wp ciuahrphpah; tpsf;fk;

    ~~ctk cUGfs; vDk; njhliu NguhrphpaUk;> ,sk;G+uzUk; KiwNa ctikapd; cUGfs;> ctkj;jpd; cUGfs; vdTk; Fwpj;Js;sdh;. ,jdhy;> ctkj;jpd; tbtq;fNs ctk cUGfs; vd;gJ ngwg;gLfpwJ||8. ctk cUGfs; vz;zpf;ifapid Kg;gj;jpahuhf fhl;bAs;s njhy;fhg;gpah; gpd;dh; tUfpd;w E}w;ghf;fspy; mtw;iw tifg;gLj;jpf; $wpAs;shh;.

~~md;d Mq;f khd ,wg;g

vd;d cwo jifa Nehf;nfhL

fz;zpa vl;Lk; tpidg;ghYtkk;||

-          njhy;. nghUs;.> 287

~~vs;s tpioag; Gy;yg; nghUtf;

fs;s kjpg;g nty;y tPo

vd;whq; nfl;Nl gadpypAtkk;||

-          njhy;> nghUs;.> 289

~~fLg;g Va;g;g kUsg; Giua

xl;l xLq;f Xl epfh;g;g vd;W

mg;ghnyl;Nl nka;g;ghYtkk;||

-          njhy;> nghUs;.> 290

~~Nghy kWg;g xg;gf; fha;j;j

Neutpag;g espa ee;j vd;W

xj;j tUfpstp cUtpd; ctkk;||

-          njhy;> nghUs;.> 291

cd;W nkhope;Js;shh;. ,q;qdk;> ctk cUGfis tifg;gLj;jpf; $Wkplk;J ~Nehf;f|> ~Neu| vDk; ,U Gjpa ctk cUGfis tpid> cU ctkq;fSf;F chpadthfr; Nrh;j;Jj; je;Js;shh;. ctk ,aypy; Rl;bAs;s ctk cUGfs; my;yhky; NtW rpy ctk cUGfisAk; ctkg; nghUspy; jkJ E}ypd; gpw;gFjpfspy; njhy;fhg;gpah; gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;.

ehybahhpy; ctk cUGfs;

    ~~gioad fopjYk; Gjpad GFjYk; tOty fhy tifapdhNd|| vd;Dk; ed;D}ypd; fUj;jpw;fpzq;f jkpo;nkhop gy khw;wq;fisf; fhye;NjhWk; ngw;Wtuf; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. mt;tifapy; ctk cUGfSk; jk;Ks; gy;fpAk;> kiwe;Jk;> Kuz;gl;Lk; khwp toq;fp tUtijf; fhzyhk;. mwk; $Wk; Kidg;NghL nkhopag;gLk; fUj;Jf;fis ctik nfhz;L vspjpy; kdjpy; gjpar;nra;fpd;wJ.

    rq;f ,yf;fpak;> fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak; ,tw;wpy; fhzf;fpilf;Fk; ctk cUGfs; gytw;iw ehybapYk; fhzKbfpd;wJ. rpy; Gjpa ctk cUGfSk; ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ. ~Nghy| vd;w ctk cUNg kpFjpahfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

md;d

    ctikAk; nghUSk; xj;jy; nghUspy; ,jd; gad;ghl;L epiy kpFjpahf mikjiyf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

~~te;jNj Mo;fyj; jd;d fyp||

-          ehyb> 12

flYs; kwf;fyk; Mo;e;jhw; Nghy ,t;Tlk;G jpBnud $w;Wtdhy; mopf;fg;gLk; vd;gjhk;.

~~mlk;gg;G+ md;dq; fpopf;Fk; miyfly;||

-          ehyb> 107

mlk;gq;nfhbapd; kyiu md;dg; gwitfs; NfhJfpd;w miyNkhjk; fly;. ,q;F mlk;gq; nfhbapd; kyhpd; tbtKk; epwKk; ctkpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

~~Fd;wd;dhh; Nfz;ik nfhspd;||

-          ehyb> 176

kiyg; Nghd;w cah;e;j ngUikAila rhd;NwhNuhL el;G nfhs;spd; rpwg;ghdjhFk;. ,jpy; kiy gz;G ctikahff; ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,itNghy; ehybahhpy; ~md;d| ctk cUG tUk; ,lq;fs; (ghly; vd;: 16> 41> 44> 66> 87> 101> 104> 192> 211> 237> 262> 269> 375> 392> 396> 400)

md;dhh;

~~fz;zd;dhh; fz;Zk; ,uthJ tho;tjhk;

tho;f;if||

-          ehyb> 305

~~MUap ud;dhh;f;|| (330)> ~~miw ngUq;f yd;dhh; cilj;J|| (360)> ~~nfha;jsp ud;dhh;||(373)

 midah;

~~ahid aidath;|| (213)> ~~fLtidah;|| (374)> tyf;fz; midahh;||| (388)

Nghy

~Nghy| vd;w ctk cUG mWgj;jpuz;L ,lq;fspy; gapd;W te;Js;sJ.

~~rflf;fhy; Nghy tUk;|| (2)

~~fUq;nfhz;% tha;jpwe;j kpd;Dg;Nghy; Njhd;wp|| (8)

~~kiykpirj; Njhd;Wk;  kjpak;Nghy;|| (21)

~~epythh; epykpir Nghy;|| (22)

~~kiyahL kQ;RNghy; Njhd;wp|| (28)

Nghy ctk cUg tUk; ,d;d gpw ghly; vz;fs;: (29> 30> 34> 66> 68> 91> 99> 114> 115> 118> 123 – 125> 148> 149> 160> 165> 166> 175> 179> 184 – 186> 189> 191> 202> 206> 208> 210> 215> 216> 218> 232> 234> 257> 259> 264> 266> 274> 279> 284> 291> 293> 295> 298> 315> 317> 335> 341> 351. 354> 368> 376> 377> 378> 385)

mw;W

mw;W vd;Dk; ,t;Ttk cUgpw;F ~~mj;jd;ikaJ> mJ Nghd;w> md;W> mJ> mt;thW> mope;J|| vd mfuhjpfs; nghUs; jUfpd;wd.

~~gdpgL Nrhiyg; gad;ku nky;yhk;

fdpAjph;e;J tPo;e;jw; wpsik||

-          ehyb> 17

,t;Tikapy; gok; cjph;e;J moptJ Nghy; ,sikAk; mopAk; vdf; $wg;gLs;sJ. ,t;Ttk cUG tUk; gpw ,lq;fs; (138> 141> 240> 254> 257> 331> 332> 336)

Mq;F

    Mq;F vd;Dk; Rl;bd; mbahfg; gpwe;jJ ,t;Ttk cUG. Mq;F vDk; Rl;Nl ~Mq;F| vd te;Js;sJ. (51> 139> 197> 199> 321> 322) Mfpa MW ghly;fspy; Mq;F gpapd;W te;Js;sJ.

~~tpsf;Fg; GF,Us; kha;e;jhq; nfhUtd;|| (ehyb> 51)

xg;gh;

    njhy;fhg;gpah; ,t;Ttk cUig ~xg;g| vd nkhopthh;. Ehybapy; ,t;Ttk cUg ~xg;gh;|> ~xf;Fk;| vd ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ.

~~jpq;fSk; rhd;NwhUk; xg;gh;kd;|| (ehyb> 151)

~~xUq;nfhg;g|| (387)> ~tpz;ZyNf nahf;Fk;|| (233)

tho;tpd; epiyg;ghLfis kf;fSf;F czh;j;j ntz;gh ahg;G tbtpw;Fs; ePjpia typAWj;Jk; mwE}y;fSs; xd;whd ehybapy; tbtj;ij Rl;Lk; ctkj;ij tpl gz;G> gad; Mfpa ,uz;ld; ctikNa kpFjpahf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. rq;f> fhg;gpa ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzyhFk; ctk cUGfspd; Mjpf;fk; ehybapy; FiwNt vd;whYk; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;s ctikfs; rpwe;jdthfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd.

Fwpg;Gfs;

1.        fh.u.Nfhtpe;juhr Kjypahh;> ehd;fhtJ fUj;juq;fk; Ma;Tkyh;> ,e;jpaf; fiyf;fofj; jkpohrphpah; kd;w ntspaPL> 1972.> g. 106

2.        Rg;gpukzpaNjrpfh; (c.M)> jz;bayq;fhuk;> fof ntspaPL> nrd;id> 1973.> g. 61

3.        jpUf;FUifg; ngUkhs; ftpuhah; (c.M)> jz;bayq;fhuk;> g. 127

4.        r.Nt.Rg;gpukzpad; (g.M)> njhd;D}y; tpsf;fk;.> g. 161

5.        nr.Nt.rz;Kfk;(g.M)> Rthkpehjk;> g. 184

6.        r.Nt.Rg;gpukzpad;(g.M)> Ftyahde;jk; re;jpuNyhfk;> g. 103

7.        NkyJ.> g. 81

8.        f.jpUehTf;fuR> ctkcUGfs;> cyfj;jkpohuha;r;rp nts;spf;fpoik fUj;juq;f kyh;> g. 2

ed;wp.

k.yl;Rkpg;gphpah

கருத்தரங்கம்

கலிங்கதுப்பரணியில் கடைதிறப்பு

fypq;fj;Jg;guzpapy; filjpwg;G

Kd;Diu

rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffSs; mftho;tpay; $Wfis ciuf;Fk; tiffNs kpFjp. mtw;Ws; Gw tho;tpay; gw;wp tpsf;Fk; rpytiffSs; guzp tiff;Fj; jdpaplk; cz;L. mtw;Ws; fypq;fj;Jg;guzpf;F cs;s rpwg;G ahnjdpd; mfj;jpd; topg; GwKzh;j;Jk; GJikg; Nghf;F MFk;. mJgw;wp fPNo fhz;Nghk;.

filjpwg;G

    fypq;fj;Jg;guzpapDs; Ntz;lhj gFjpahff; filjpwg;Gg; gFjp jpfo;fpwJ. jhopirfshy; ghlg;ngw;w fypq;fj;Jg;guzpapy; 74 ghly;fs; filjpwg;Gg; gFjpapy; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. 599 ghly;fisf; nfhz;l fypq;fj;Jg;guzpapy; Vwj;jho 12 rjtPjk; filjpwg;Gg; ghly;fs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.

   

    Gwg; Nghhpy; ntd;w tPuh;fs; mfg;Nghhpy; jiytpaiu vjph; nfhs;Sk; ghq;Ffspd; njhFg;Ng filjpwg;G MFk;.

filjpwg;G – GidTeak;

   

    filjpwg;Gg; ghly;fs; ehlfg; ghq;Fld; mike;j vOj;Njhtpak; MFk;@ fhjw; Rit jJk;gj; jJk;gg; gilf;fg;gl;lj; jkpoh; jk; tho;tpay; fUT+ykhFk;@ fhjYk; tPuKk; jkpouJ gz;ilg; gilg;Gf; fsq;fs; vd;gjw;fhd mhpa rhd;W MFk;.

    ,g;ghlYs; neQ;nrhL fpsj;jy;> cyh> eyk; Gide;Jiuj;jy; Kjypa cj;jpfs; rpwg;Gw mike;Js;sd.

filjwg;gpd; mtrpak;

    Gw Nkd;ik gw;wpa E}Ys; ~filjpwg;G| vd;w ,d;gr; Ritf; fsk; vjw;F vd Muhapd; mjw;fhd tpil E}ypd; jd;ikfSf;fhd ,yf;fzj;jpdpd;W fpilf;Fk;. E}y; vd;gJ KOikahd epfo;r;rpj; njhFg;igNa Fwpf;Fk;. Nghh; vd;gJ tPuAfr; rKjhaj;jpd; nghpa milahsk; vdpDk; fhjy; vd;gJ mjw;F epfuhdjhf mike;Js;sij kfl;ghw; fhQ;rp> kfz; kWj;jy; Jiwfs; Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiyapy; ,lk;ngWkplj;Nj mwpayhk;.

mt;tbg;gilapy; fhjYk; tPuKk; jkpoh;fsJ fz;fshfg; ghtpf;fg;gl;lij vspjpy; czh;j;Jk;. fhjYk; tPuKk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlh;Gilad. ,itapuz;Lk; cs;Szh;r;rpfspd; ntt;Ntwhd vOr;rp tiffNs MFk;. kd;dd; ghy; Vw;gl;l fhjyhy; (md;ghy;)> jd; ehl;bd; ghy; cs;s fhjyhy; (md;ghy;) NghUf;Fr; nrd;whd; jkpod;. ,J> kwj;jpDs; Gije;j mfg;ghq;F MFk;.

kdpjh;fs; midtUf;Fk; ,U tifahd Kfq;fs; cz;L. tPuj;jpy; rpwe;j xUtd; ,y;ywj;jpYk; rpwe;jthdfj; jpfo;e;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gjq;fhfNt filjpwg;Gg; ghly;fs; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. kdpjh; jk; kd Xl;lj;ijAk; filjpwg;Gg; ghly;fs; gjpT nra;Js;sd. rq;fg; ghly;fSs; mfehD}w;wpy; tphpthfg; Nghh;r;nra;jpfs; Ngrg;gLfpd;wd. GwehD}w;wpy; mff; $Wfs; kpFjpahf cs;sd. ,t;tbg;gilNa fypq;fj;Jg;guzpapYk; cs;sJ. NkYk;> filjpwg;G Kjypy; $wg;gl;L mjd; gpd;dh; Nghh;r; nra;jpfs; $wg;gLtJ gpd;Ndhf;F cj;jp mbg;gilapy; kdpj tho;tpaiy tpsf;Fk; nrayhFk;.

filjpwg;gpy; eaq;fs;

    filjpwg;Gg; ghly;fs mf tho;tpay; eaq;fisg; Gwg; gz;Gfs; fye;J $Wfpd;wd. jkpoh; jk; eilKiwfs; njspTwg; gjpT ngw;Ws;sd.

ehlfg; ghq;F

    mftho;tpy; jiytd; jiytpaUs; rpW rpW rz;ilfs; tUjYk; mJ ePq;fg; ngw;w gpd; mth;fs; Kd;ig tpl kpFjpahd md;GWjYk; ,ay;ghd epfo;Tfs; MFk;. ,t;thwhf> mf ,izaUs; NeUk; rpW rzilfisj; ~Jdp| vd;ghh; ts;Sth;. ,r;nrhy;iyAk;> mJ Vw;gLj;Jk; tpisitAk;

~~Clypy; Njhd;Wk; rpWJdp ey;ypsp

 thbDk; ghL ngWk;||

vd;Dk; Fwl;ghtpd; top mwpayhk;.

    ,r;rpW rz;ilapid ~gpzf;F| vd;ghh; kiwkiyabfs;. gpzf;fpd; MAs; xNu xU ehs; fhiyg; nghOjpdpd;W khiy tiuNa MFk;. ,j> fhjiy kpFtpf;Fk; fhuzp vd;Wk; $Wthh;. ~gpzf;F| gz;Ng filjpwg;Gg; ghly; czh;j;Jk; kfspUs; KOikahf cs;sJ. ,jw;Fr; rhd;whf>

~~nka;Na nfhYeh; gpioeypa

    Ntl;if eypa tpba sTk;

ngha;Na cwq;Fk; kl ey;yPh;

    Gidnghw; fghlk; jpwkpNdh||

-          fypq;fj;Jg;guzp 36

vDk; ghliyf; nfhs;syhk;. ,jd; nghUs; jiytd; kPJ fhjy; ,Ug;gpDk;> mjid kdj;Js; kiwj;J ,uT KOtJk; J}q;fhky; ,Uf;Fk; ngz;bh;> mtd; fjtpidj; jlLk; NghJ ngha;ahfj; J}q;FtJ Nghy; ebg;gh; vd;gjhFk;.

neQ;nrhLfpsj;jy;

    mf ,yf;fpaq;fSs; fhzyhFk; kpfr; rpwe;j $W neQ;nrhLfpsj;jy; MFk;. mfkhe;jh; jk; ,izaiu vz;zp mth; gw;wp gioa epidTfSld; cs;sj;jld; jd; kdj;NjhL NgRtJ neQ;nrhLfpsj;jy; vdg;gLk;. ,jid> Mq;fpyj;jpy; ~Monologue| vd;gh;. ,t;Tj;jpNa filj;jpwg;gpd; 74 ghly;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

   

    cwq;Fk; nghOjpy; ngz;zpd; moif ,urpj;j xUtdJ vz;z miyfis>

~~nrhUF nfhe;jsfk; xUifMky; miya

xUif fPo; miunra; Jfpnyhnl

jpU mde;jypYk; Kfk; kyh;e;JtU

njhpitkPh; filfs; jpwkpNdh||

-          fypq;fj;Jg;guzp 46

vDk; ghlypdhy; mwpayhk;. cwq;Fk; NghJk;kpF mofhfj; Njhd;Wk; ngz;fNs! cq;fs; moF tpoj;jhy; kpfTk; nghypthf ,Uf;FNk vd;gNj ,g;ghlypd; nghUshFk;.

eyk; Gide;Jiuj;jy;

    ,uj;jpdr; RUf;fkhd nrhw;nrl;Lld; Fws; ,aw;wpa ts;StNu eyk; Gide;Jiuj;jYf;nfd Xh; mjpfhuk; tFj;jpUg;gjd; topNa mjd; rpwg;gpid mwpayhk;. kpF fw;gidNa ,jd; mbg;gilahFk;. Eyk; Gide;Jiuj;jypd; jd;ikapid>

~~flypy; tplk;vd mKJvd kjdNts;

 fUjp topgL gilnahL fUJNthh;

 clypd; capiuAk; czh;itAk; eLTNgha;

 cUTk; kjh;top cilath;! jpwkpNdh!||

-          fypq;fj;Jg;guzp 48

vDk; ghlyhy; czuyhk;. jiytpapd; fz;fNs mKjkhfTk; tpsq;FfpwJ@ rpy Neuq;fspy; tp\khfTk; tpsq;FfpwJ vd;W $WtJ eyk; Gide;Jiuj;jypd; cr;rkhFk;. eyk; Gide;Jiuj;jy; khz;G filj;jpwg;Gg; ghly;fis moF nra;fpwJ.

mfj;jpYk; Gwk;

    jiytpiag; Gide;Jiuf;Fkplj;Jk; tPuUf;F kwTzh;Nt NkypLfpd;wJ. mjd; fhuzkhf> jiytpauJ fz;fis Ntw;gilf;F epfuhdjhff; $Wfpwhd;. mjid>

~~tQ;rp khdjd; tpLk; gilapdpw; nfhbafz;

 kleyPh;! ,Lkzpf;fil jpwe;jpL kpNdh!||

-          fypq;fj;Jg;guzp 32

vDk; thpfs; czh;j;Jk;.

rKjha epiy

    Nghh;f;fhyr; rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fs; Efh;Tg; nghUshfg; ghtpf;fg;gl;l Nghf;Ff; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nghhpy; Njhw;Fk; Nte;jh; jk; clikfs; ntd;w murh;f;Fr; nrhe;jkhfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; kq;ifaUNk mlf;fk; Mth;. mt;thW mbikg;gLj;jg;gl;l ngz;fis ~nfhz;b kfsph;| vd;W rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; miof;fpd;wd. mth;fisg; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; ghly;fs; 40> 41> 43 Mfpa ghly;fspy; te;Js;sd. ,it> kd;dDila Nghh;j;jpwk;> guhf;fpukj;ijf; Fwpg;gjw;fhff; $wg;gl;lhYk; md;iwa Efh;Tr; rKjhaj;ijg; glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;LtijAk; fhzyhk;.

~~miyehba Gdy; ehLil

    mgah;f;F ,Ljpiwahk;

kiyehbah;! JSehbah;!

-          fypq;fj;Jg;guzp 41

vDk; thpfshYk;>

~~koiyj; jpU nkhopapy; rpy

 tLFk; rpy jkpOk;

Fowpj; jU fUehbah;!||

vDk; thpfshYk; mwpayhk;. ,jd; top> filjpwg;Gg; ghly;fspy; md;iwa rKjhag; Nghf;fpidAk; kfsph; epiyapidAk; mwpaKbfpwJ.

epiwTiu

filjpwg;Gg; ghly;fs; top>

·        fypq;fj;Jg;guzp gpd;Ndhf;F cj;jpapy; mikag; ngw;Wj; jkpoh; tho;tpaiy czh;j;JfpwJ vd;gij mwpaKbfpwJ.

·        filjpwg;gpd; mtrpak;> mJ fypq;fj;Jg;guzpapy; ngWkplk; FwpjJk; mwpaKbfpwJ.

·        filjpwg;Gg; ghly;fSs; fhzg;gLk; mf nka;g;ghLfs; Fwpj;J mwpaKbfpwJ.

·        gz;ilf; fhyj;Jr; rKjha epiyapid mwpaKbfpwJ.

·        jkpohpd; KUfpay; czh;T Fwpj;J mwpaKbfpwJ.

ed;wp.

k.gpurd;dh

 

   

சிற்றிலக்கியங்களில் குறிஞ்சிப்பாட்டின் தாக்கம்

rpw;wpyf;fpaj;jpy; FwpQ;rpg;ghl;bd; jhf;fk;.

jkpoh;fspd; jd;dpfuw;w nrhj;J rq;f,yf;fpaq;fs; MFk;. mitNa> jkpodpd; goikiaAk; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; juzpf;F ,d;Wk; giwrhw;Wfpd;wJ. mJNghy> jkpo; ,yf;fpa thdpy; kpfg;ngUk; r%fg; Gul;rpia Vw;gLj;jpait rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fshFk;. ,t;tpyf;fpaq;fs; vz;zpf;ifapy; kpf mjpfkhf ,Ue;jNghJk; juj;jpy; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fSf;F ,izahdit. fhuzk; ,e;jr; rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspd; %yk; (njhlf;fk;) rq;f fhyj;jpNyNa njhlq;fptpl;lJ. mt;tifapy; FwpQ;rpf; fgpyuhy; gilf;fg;ngw;w FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; GijAz;bUf;Fk; rpw;wpyf;fpaf; $Wfis ,f;fl;Liu ntspf;nfhzh;fpwJ.

mq;fkhiy

    mq;f + khiy =  mq;fkhiy@ ghl;Lilj; jiytdpd; / jiytpapd; mq;fq;fisr; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghLk; ,yf;fpa tifNa mq;fkhiy. ,jpy; th;zpf;fg;gLk; cWg;Gf;fs; 27 vd;W etePjg; ghl;bay; ,yf;fzk; nra;fpwJ.

~~mt;tg; ngahpd; mq;f tifia

 tpsk;G nahOq;fpd; ntsp tpUj;jj;jhy;

 tpOj;JtJ mq;fkhiy ahNk’’

-          gpuge;j kugpay; 12

vd;W gpuge;j kugpaYk;>

~~epWj;j ntsptpUj;jk; ePLWg;gpy; te;jhy;

 Fwpj;jq;f khiyahf; nfhs;f’’

-          ntz;ghg; ghl;bay; 51 

vd;W ntz;ghg; ghl;baYk; ,yf;fzk; tFf;fpd;wd. gf;jp ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; mq;fkhiyf;Fr; rpwg;ghd ,lk; cz;L. gf;jpapy;> kdpj cWg;Gf;fspd; flg;ghLfis ,t;tq;fkhiy moFwr; Rl;Lk;. nkhj;jj;jpy; cly; cWg;ig tUzpj;Jg; ghLtNj ,jd; nghUz;ik. ,f;$W FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; rpwg;ghf mike;Js;sJ.

~~……………….. xs; Ejy;

 Xyp nkd; $e;jy; vd; Njhop Nkdp’’

-          FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L (1 – 2)

vd;W jiytpapd; cly; tdg;igj; Njhop ghuhl;Lfpwhs;. mNjhL mikahJ jiytdpd; cly; cWg;igAk; GfOk; gFjpAk; FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; nrt;tNd ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

ntwpahl;L (ke;jpuf;fl;L)

    ntw;wp Ntz;b Ntyd; fhe;jl;G+itr; #b ntwpahl;L nra;thd;. ,jidj; njhy;fhg;gpak;>

~~ntwpawp rpwg;gpd; ntt;tha; Ntyd;

 Ntwpahl;lah;e;j fhe;jSk; cWgif’’

-          njhy;fhg;gpak; 1006

vd;w E}l;gh Rl;LfpwJ. ,J ,uz;L tiffspy; epfOk;. mit>

1)    ntw;wp Ntz;b tPud; MLk; ntwpahl;L

2)     fhjy; Mw;whyhfpa jiytp Nky; epfOk; ntwpahl;L

vd;gjhFk;. jiytp> jiytd; kPJ nfhz;l ikaiyg; Nga; vd;W fUjpj; jha; mjid ke;jputhjpiaf; nfhz;L Muha Kw;gLfpwhs;. mg;NghJ jiytp jhd; nfhz;l fhjiyj; Njhop thapyhf mwj;njhL epw;wy; Kiwahy;; ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhs;.

~~tpwy; ,io nefpo;e;j tPT mUq;fLNeha;

 mfYs; Mq;fz; mwpAeh; tpdhAk;

 gutpAk; njhOJk; tpuT kyh; J}Ak;’’

-          FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L (3 – 5)

vd;w FwpQ;rpg;ghl;bd; mbfs; jiytpf;F ntwpahl;L elj;jg;gl;lijf; $WfpwJ. ntw;wp Ntz;b nra;ag;gl;l ntwpahl;L> rpyg;gjpfhu ~Ntl;Lt thpapy;’ nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

Nfrhjpghjk;

    ghl;Lilj; jiytdpd; Nfrk; njhlq;fp ghjk; tiuAs;s mtdpd; mofpidg;ghLk; ,yf;fpak; Nfrhjpghjk; MFk;.

~~mbKjy; Kbasthf ,d;nrhy;

 glh;TW fypntz;ghthy; $wy;

 ghjhjpNfrk; Nfrhjp ghjk;

 Xjpd; mg;ngauhd; ciuf;fg; gLNk’’

-          ,yf;fz tpsf;fk; 871

vd;W ,yf;fz tpsf;fk; ,yf;fzk; nra;fpwJ. 32 cWg;Gfis gd;dpU ghl;by; gl;baypLfpwJ. ghjhjpNfrkhf tUzpj;jy; ,iwtidAk; Nfrhjpghjkhf tUzpj;jy; kdpjh;fisAk; th;zpg;gJ kughf cs;sJ. rpy rkak; ,J jfh;f;fg;gLtJk; cz;L. njhy;fhg;gpak; Rl;Lk; ~eyk; ghuhl;ly;’ vd;Dk; JiwNa ,t;tiff;F mbg;gil vdyhk;. mt;tifapy; mike;j ,yf;fpaf; $W FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; mike;Js;sJ.

~~vz;nza; ePtpa fhptsh; eWq;fho;j;

 jz; eWk; jfuk; fko kz;zp

 ………………………………

 tk;G tphp fsj;jpy; ftpd; ngwg; nghype;j

 Fd;W nfO ehld; vk; tpiojU ngUtpwy;’’

-          FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L (187 – 199)

vd;W jiytdpd; ehl;bd; tsj;ijAk; rpwg;igAk; cs;Siw ctikAld; Njhop gfh;fpwhs;.

,utpilaPL

    jd;Dld; ,ize;j jiytd; kPz;L jd; CUf;Fr; nry;fpwhd;. mj;jiytd; kPz;Lk; jd;idr; re;jpf;f tUk; nghOJ Vw;gLk; ,ilA+Wfis epidj;Jj; jiytp JaUWfpwhs;. mg;nghOJ jiytd; te;J jiytpAld; NkTtJ ,utpilaPL vDk; ,yf;fptifahFk;. ,t;tiff; $W rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jifa $W FwpQ;rpg;ghl;bYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

~~…………. nfhd; CH

 kha tutpd; ,ay;G epid, Njw;wp

 …………………………….

tOtpd; tohm tpOkk; mth;

fOkiy tplufk; cilathy; vdNt’’

-          FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L (245 – 261)

vd;W jiytd; jiytpiar; re;jpf;f tUk; ,uT Neuj;jpy; mtDf;F Vw;gLk; Vjq;fis vz;zp jiytp Vq;fpajhfj; Njhop $Wfpwhs;.

rpe;JNkhfpdp

    ngz;zpd; nraiy tz;zf xj;jhopirapy; ghLk; rpe;JNkhfpdpiag; gpuge;jj; jpul;L kl;LNk Rl;LfpwJ.

~~tz;zfhthj; jhopirahd; khJfl Nduhf;fpg;

 Gz;Z rpe;J Nkhfpdpahk; ghh;’’

-          gpuge;jj; jpul;L 46

vd;w E}l;gh rpe;JNkhfpdp tifapidr; nrg;GfpwJ. FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L  KOtJNk jiytpapd; fsTf; fhyr; nray;fis kl;LNk tpsf;FfpwJ. mwj;NjhL epw;wy; vd;w xU Jiwapy; kl;LNk mike;Js;sjhy; ,J NkYk; rpwg;gilfpwJ. vdNt rpe;JNkhfpdpf;fhd mbg;gil  FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; mike;Js;sJ vdyhk;.

,yf;fpaj; jhf;fk;

    ,yf;fpaq;fs; jhdhfj; Njhd;whJ. VNjDk; xd;wpd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; jhd; Njhd;w KbAk;. mt;tifapy; jkpo;nkhopapy; kpfg; goikahdJ rq;f ,yf;fpak; jhd;. vdNt ,tw;wpd; jhf;fk; gpw ,yf;fpa tiffspYk; ,Ug;gJ ,ay;Ng. v];.itahGhpg;gps;is jdJ etePjg; ghl;bay; gjpg;gpy; njhy;fhg;gpah; fhyj;jpy; tof;fpypUe;j ehw;gj;njhU rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ ,q;F Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. vdNt rq;f ,yf;fpaf; $WfNs gpw;fhyj;jpy; jdpj; jdp rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffshf cUntLj;jd vdyhk;.

njhFg;Giu

    fgpyh; ngUkhdhy; gilf;fg; ngw;w FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s mq;fkhiy> ke;jpuf;fl;L (ntwpahl;L)> Nfrhjpghjk;> Ch;ntz;gh> ,utpilaPL> rpe;JNkhfpdp Mfpa rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffspd; $Wfs; fhzg;ngWfpd;wd. vdNt rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; rq;f ,yf;fpaj;NjhL xg;G Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. Mdhy;> ,d;W rpw;wpyf;fpak; Fwpj;j Ma;Tfs; kpfTk; nrhw;gkhfNt tUfpd;wd. ,J tUe;jj; jf;f nra;jpahFk;. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; ntw;W ,yf;fpaq;fs; my;y. jkpodJ ngUikia czh;j;Jk; nrk;khe;j ,yf;fpaq;fNs vd;gJ jpz;zk;;.

ed;wp

jkpo;Nerd;

பாரதிதாசன் கவிதைகளில் பெரியாரின் பெண்ணுரிமை

ghujpjhrd; ftpijfspy; nghpahhpd; ngz;Zhpik

                       

    ngz;zbik kba Ntz;Lnkd;why; ngz;fs; jq;fs; jq;fspd; chpikf;fhfg; Nghuhl Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;.  jkpofj;jpy; ,jw;F topfhl;bahf tpsq;fpatHfSs; rpwg;ghfr; Rl;lj;jf;ftH nghpahH <.Nt. ,uhkrhkp MthH.  ngz;Zhpikfs; gw;wpg; gFj;jwpTg; gfytd; je;ij nghpahH rpe;jpj;j mstpw;F cyfpy; NtW gFj;jpwthsHfs; rpe;jpj;jJ fpilahJ vdf; $wyhk;.  xg;ghUk; kpf;fhUk; ,y;yhj gFj;jwpthsuhd nghpahH jhd; XH Mzhfg; gpwe;j epiyapYk; xU gf;fkhf epy;yhJ nghJthd khdpl Nea Nehf;NfhL mwpT> tsHr;rp> khdplr; rpwg;Gg; gw;wp kl;LNk rpe;jpj;jjhy; ngz;Zf;Fk; vy;yh chpikfSk; cz;L vd;w fUj;ij mtuhy; Kd;itj;J typAWj;j ,ad;wJ.  ngz;fs; epiy Kd;Ndw;wk; mile;jhy;jhd; xU ehL cz;ikahd tpLjiy ngw;wjhff; fUj KbAk; vd vz;zpdhH.  ,e;j cz;ikahd tpLjiyiaf; fhz tpUk;gp mjw;fhfj; jd; tho;ehspd; filrp fhyk; tiu ghLgl;ltH nghpahH <.Nt. ,uhkrhkp MthH.  ngz;Zf;F chpa chpikfs; vit> mtw;iwg; ngWk; topfs; vit vd;gdtw;iw tpsf;fpatH nghpahH MthH.  me;jifathpd; ngz;Zhpikr; rpe;jidfs; vq;qdk; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfspy; nghjpe;Js;sJ vd;gjid ,f;fl;Liu Muha;fpd;wJ.

nghpahhpd; eLepiyg; ngz;zpak;

    top topahfg; ngz;fspd; mbikepiyf;Fr; rKjha mikg;G eilKiwfNs fhuzk; vd;gjidr; rpe;jpj;J czHe;j nghpahH nfhjpj;J vOe;jhH.  ,jw;F xU jPHT fhz vz;zpdhH.  ve;jtpj czHr;rpf;Fk; ,lq;nfhlhJ mwptpay; Kiwapy;> eLepiyahd Kiwapy;> Mf;fg;G+Htkhd epiyapy; ngz;zbik epiyf;F chpa fhuzq;fis Muha;e;jhH.  jhk; rpe;jpj;J czHe;j cz;ikfis ehnlq;Fk; gy nghJf; $l;lq;fis mikj;Jg; NgrpdhH.  ngz;fspd; chpikia epiy ehl;LtNj jd;Dila Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;gijg; NgrpAk; ,jw;nfd VLfs; elj;jpg; gy khehLfs; elj;jpAk; xU Nghpaf;fj;ijj; jdJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; elj;jpdhH.  mt;tifapy;> “Mzpd; eyj;Jf;Fg; gad;gLtjw;Fk;> Mzpd; jpUg;jpf;Fk; Mzpd; ngUikf;Fk; ngz; XH cgfUtp vd;gjy;yhky; NtW vd;d?  XH MZf;F xU rikay;fhhp@ XH Mzpd; FLk;gg; ngUf;Ff;F xU gps;is tpistpf;Fk; gz;iz@ XH Mzpd; fz; mofpw;Fk;> kdg; Gsfhq;fpjw;Fk; XH mofpa myq;fhpf;fg; ngw;w nghk;ik vd;gjy;yhky; ngz;fs; nghpJk; vjw;Fg; gad;gLfpwhHfs;?  gad;gLj;jg; ngWfpwhHfs;?  ,J vd;d epahak;?  kdpj rKjhak; jtpu kw;wgb kpUfk;> gl;rp> G+r;rp> [e;J Kjypaitfspy; NtW ve;j [PtdhtJ Mz;fSf;fhfNt ,Uf;fpNwhk; ehk; vd;w fUj;Jld;> elj;ijAld; ,Uf;fpwjh?” (nghpahH <.Nt.uh. rpe;jidfs;> g. 127) vdg; nghpahH ngz;fs; epiy gw;wp tpQ;Qhd Kiwapy; tpsf;fkhff; $wpdhH.  MizAk; ngz;izAk; rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;b ,jd;%yk; ngz; vd;gts; rKjhaj;jpy; ve;j epiyapy; fUjg; ngWfpd;whs; vd;gijg; ngz;fs; Kjypy; czu Ntz;Lk;.  Mz;fs; ,jw;F xU fhuzkhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;gijj; jkpo;r; rKjhaj;jpw;F czHj;jpg; ngz;fspd; cz;ikahd tpLjiyf;F tpj;jpl;lhH.

ngz;Zhpikf;fhd tpopg;GzHT

    ngz;fs; Mz;fSf;F epfuhd chpikiag; ngwNtz;Lnkd;why; mtHfSf;F tpopg;GzHT kpfTk; mtrpakhFk;.  ngz;fs; jhk; ngWfpd;w chpikfSf;Fr; rpy Neuq;fspy; jhq;fNs vjphpfshf khwptpLfpd;wdH.  ,j;jifa epiyf;Ff; fhuzk; fhyq;fhykhfg; ngz;fs; mbikfshf elj;jg; ngw;W te;jNjahFk;.  me;j mbikj;jdk; mtHfsJ kdj;jpy; Mog; gjpe;J jq;fisj; jhq;fNs jho;j;jpf; nfhs;Sk; epiyf;F Ml;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldH.  ,e;epiy Kjypy; khwNtz;Lk;.  Mjyhy; ngz;fSf;Fr; rKjha tpopg;GzHT kpfTk; Kf;fpak; vd vz;zpdhH.  jhq;fSk; rKjhaj;jpy; XH mq;fj;jpdHjhk;> rKjhak; cauj; jq;fsJ epiyAk; cau Ntz;Lk; vd;W xt;nthU ngz;Zk; czHe;J me;epiyf;Fj; jhq;fs; caug; ghLgl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijg; nghpahH vLj;Jiuj;jhH.

        “jpj;jpf;fg; gok; jpd;df; nfhLg;ghH

         kJug; gUg;G toq;FthH cdf;F

          nghd;Nd kzpNa vd;Widg; Gfo;thH

                 (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;> njhFjp-2> g. 180)

vd;w ghly; %yk; $z;by; milf;fg;ngWk; fpspfs; epiyiag; Nghy; ngz;fs; Mzpdj;jhy; caHj;jg;gLtJ Nghy; Njhd;wpdhYk; cz;ikapy; mbik nfhs;Sk; epiyNa mikfpwJ vd tpsf;Ffpd;whH nghpahH nfhs;iffisg; ghLk; ghujpjhrd;.  Mjyhy; jk;ik mbikg;gLj;jpAs;s Mz; ,dk;> jhdhfNt Kd; te;J ngz;fSf;F tpLjiy toq;Fk; vd;W vjpHghHf;f ,ayhJ@ vjpHghHf;fTk; $lhJ@ mbikg;gLj;jpa ,dk; mbikapd; ,d tpLjiyf;Fg; ghLgl Kd; tuNt tuhJ@ mt;thW  Kd; te;jhYk; mJ ,aw;iff;F KuzhdJ.  mt;thNw ghLgl;lhYk; NtWtifapy; mbikj; jisia ,WfplNt nra;Ak; #o;r;rpahfj;jhd; mJ mike;J epw;Fk;.  Mjyhy;jhd; jd; mbikj; jisia Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;sg; ngz;zpdk; jhNd Kd;tu Ntz;Lk; vd mwpTWj;jpdhH nghpahH <.Nt. ,uhkrhkp. (nghpahH <.Nt.uh. rpe;jidfs;> g. 163)

ngz;Zf;F Ntz;ba chpikfs;

    ngz;fs; cz;ikahd Rje;jpuj;NjhL tho Ntz;Lkhdhy; ngw;Nwhhpd; nrhj;jpy; rNfhjuHfSf;F epfuhd rkchpik> jd; tho;f;ifj; Jiziaj; jhNd NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpik> fztd; rhpapy;yhjNghJ mtid tpl;L tpyfpf; nfhs;Sk; chpik> fztd; ,we;jgpd; kWkzk; nra;Jnfhs;Sk; chpik> ghy;a tpthfj;ij kWf;Fk; chpik> vOj;Jhpik> fztDf;F epfuhd chpikfs; Nghd;wit ngz;fSf;F mspf;fg;ngw Ntz;Lk;.  ,j;jifa chpikfs; ngz;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg; ngWk;NghJ ngz;fshy; FLk;gj;jpYk; rKjhaj;jpYk; epkpHe;J epw;f ,aYk;.  jhd; mbik vd;w vz;zk; mtHfsJ cs;sj;jpypUe;J NtnuhL gpLq;fp vwpag;gLk; vd;gtw;iwNa nghpahH tho;ehnsy;yhk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;yp te;jhH.  ,j;jifa fUj;Jf;fis ,tUf;F Kd;Nd ,JNghy; tphpthfTk; Mzpj;jukhfTk; kdpj ,dj;ij Kd;epWj;jp eLepiyahfTk; rpe;jpj;Jf; $wpatHfs; ahUk; ,y;iy vdf; $wyhk;>

ngz;zbik kz;zbikf;Fr; rkk;

    nghpahH jd; ,af;fj;ij elj;j Muk;gpj;j fhyfl;lk; ,e;jpah tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;   nghpahUk; mt;tpLjiy ,af;fj;jpy; Kd;epd;W nray;gl;ltNj MthH.  ,e;jpah tpLjiy ngw;why; ,e;jpag; nghUshjhuKk; ,e;jpar; rKjhaj;jpd; gy njha;e;j $WfSk; cz;ikahd tpLjiyiag; gpd;dH ngw;WtpLk; vd;W nghJthf ek;gp ,tw;Wf;Fj; jilahf ,Ue;j Mq;fpy Ml;rpia mfw;Wtjpy; fhe;jp[p cs;spl;l Njrj;jiytHfs; MHtk; fhl;bdH.  Mdhy;> nghpahH Kjypy; ,NjNghy; vz;zpr; nray;gl;lhYk; ehsiltpy; ,e;jKiw ,e;jpahtpw;F cz;ikahd tpLjiyiag; ngw;Wj;juhJ.  rKjha tpLjiyNa cz;ikahd murpay;> nghUshjhu tpLjiyia ehl;L kf;fSf;Fg; ngw;Wj; jUk; vd vz;zpdhH.  Mjyhy;> fhq;fpuR ,af;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpj; jd; nfhs;iffis tpsf;fj; jdpahf Rakhpahij ,af;fj;ijAk;> gFj;jwpT ,af;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpdhH.  mr;rKjha tpLjiyapy; ngz;tpLjiyNa jiyikahdJ vd Kof;fkplTk; nra;jhH.

    kz;zbik jPu Ntz;Lnkdpy; mq;F ngz;zbik kz;NzhL kz;zhfpg; NghfNtz;Lk;.  rKjhak; vd;gJ MZk; ngz;Zk; ,ize;jNj MFk;.  rKjhaj;jpd; xUghjpahfpa ngz;zpdj;ij xJf;fptpl;L ,d;ndhU ghjpahd Mzpdk; kl;Lk; jdpj;J epd;W ,aq;fp rkr;rPuhd rKjhaj;ij cUthf;fNth elj;jNth KbahJ vd;gijj; njs;sj; njspthf vLj;Jf; fhl;bath nghpahH.  nrhw;nghopthf> fl;Liuahf ehl;by; vLj;Njhjpa nghpahhpd; ,f;fUj;Jf;fis cs;thq;fpa mthpd; re;jjp ghNte;jd; ghujpjhrd;> jdJ czHr;rpkpf;f ftpij thpfs; %yk; vLj;J ,ak;gpdhH.

         “ngz;Zf;Fg; Ngr;Rhpik Ntz;lhk; vd;fpd;wPNuh?

          kz;Zf;Fk; Nflha; kjpj;jPNuh ngz;zpdj;ij?

          ngz;zbik jPUkl;Lk; NgRe; jpUehl;L

          kz;zbik jPHe;JtUjy; Kaw;nfhk;Ng!

          Cik vd;W ngz;iz ciuf;F kl;Lk; cs;slq;Fk;

          Mik epiyikjhd; MltHf;Fk; cz;L”

                      (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; njhFjp-1> g. 3)

vdf; fhuz fhhpaj; njhlHGld; ngz;tpLjiyNa vy;yhtif tpLjiyf;Fk; tpj;jpLk; MzpNtH vd nkhopthH.

tho;f;ifj; Jiziaj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpik

    kfspH jkf;F Ntz;ba tho;f;ifj; Jiztiuj; jhNk NjHe;njLg;gNj rpwe;j Kiw vd;W>

         “tho;Tf;NfhH khg;gps;isiaf; fz;L – fhl;bj;

          ‘Njit ,td;’ vdNt nrg;Gk; nkhop vdf;Fj;

          Njd;! fdp! jpj;jpf;Fk;fw; fz;L”

                 (ghujpjhrd; ,iraKJ> njhFjp-2> g. 31)

vDk; ftpijapy; nkhopfpd;whH.  ,jpy; khg;gps;isiaj; jhNd NjHe;njLj;j ngz;izg; Gfo;e;Jiuf;fpwhH.

    ngz; jd;epiyapy; tpsf;fk; ngwj; jd; epiyapy; jsuhJ tho top tFg;gJ ngz; fy;tp vd;Wk;> mg;ngz; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;ghfr; rKjhaj;jpd; cWg;ghf – kfshf – kidtpahf – jhahf – kUkfshf kw;w epiyAilatshf thOk;NghJ rpwg;ghfg; ngwNtz;baJ jpUkz chpikNaahFk;.  jpUkzj;ij ‘Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gapH’ vd;ghHfs;.  mg;gapH ed;F Kistpl;L Mokhf MNuhf;fpakhf tsuf; fUj;J xd;Wgl;l jk;gjpfs; ,y;yw tho;tpy; ,iza Ntz;Lk;.  Mdhy;> ,j;jifa epiy ,d;iwf;F ,Uf;fpwjh vd;W ghHf;Fk;NghJ ngUk;ghYk; ,y;iy.  ngaHg; nghUj;jk;> gzg; nghUj;jk;> rhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;Fk; ngw;NwhH kdg; nghUj;jk; ghHg;gjpy;iy.  ,jdhy; gy jpUkzq;fs; ,ilapNyNa Kwpe;J Njhy;tpailfpd;wd.  ,jidf;$lj; jhq;fs; nra;j jtW vdg; ngw;NwhHfs; xg;Gf; nfhs;tjpy;iy.  rka> rKjha ek;gpf;ifahy; tpjpapd;Nky; gopia Vw;wptpLfpwhHfs;.  kzkfidj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpikia mtid kzf;fg;NghFk; ngz;Zf;F kl;Lk; tpLtjpy;iy.  jpUkzk; nra;J nfhLj;Jtpl;lhNyh mj;NjhL jq;fs; flik Kbe;Jtpl;lJ vd epidj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;.  mjd;gpd; ngz;Zf;F ,iof;fg;gLfpd;w nfhLikfSf;F mtHfs; nghWg;Ngw;gjpy;iy.  ,jd; tpisthfg; ngz; rl;lg;gb gy chpikfisg; ngw ,f;fhyj;jpYk; $lg; gy jPf;Fspg;Gfs; ek; rKjhaj;jpy; eilngWfpd;wd.  khkdhH> khkpahH> kidtp nfhLikahy; ve;j Mz; kfDk; jPf;Fspj;jjhf> mLg;Gfs; ntbj;jjhfr; rhpj;jpuNk ,y;iy.  ‘Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gapH’ vd;w jpUkzg; gapH nropj;J tsu kztho;f;ifiaj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; KO chpikiaAk; ngz;Zf;Nf nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijg; nghpahH Nghpaf;fkhf ehL KOtJk; elj;jpdhH.

    ,j;jifa epiyapidg; nghpahH topepd;W ghujpjhrdhUk;>

         “fy;ahzk; Mfhj ngz;Nz – cd;

          fjpjd;id eP epr;rak; nra;f fz;Nz!

          jdpj;Jf; fple;jpLk; yhak; - mjpy;

          js;spailf;fg; gLq;Fjp iuf;Fk;

          fidj;jpl cj;juTz;L – tPl;by;

          fhhpif ehzTk; mQ;rTk; Ntz;Lk;

          fdj;j cd; ngw;Nwhiuf; NfNs? mtH

          fy;nyhj;j neQ;ir Ad; fz;zPhpdhNy

          eidj;jpLtha; mjd;NkYk; - mtH

          Qhak; juhtpby; tpLjiy Nkw;nfhs;”

                      (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;> njhFjp-1> g. 117)

vdj; jpUkz chpikia epiy ehl;l ‘ngz;Zf;F ePjp’ ciuj;Js;shH.

    rhjfk; ghHj;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;jy;> ma;aH itj;Jg; gy rlq;FfNshL jpUkzk; nra;jy;> rhjpf;Fs;NsNa jpUkzk; nra;jy;> ngw;NwhH KbTg;gb kl;Lk; ngz; rk;kjkpd;wpj; jpUkzk; KbTnra;jy;> taJg; nghUj;jkpd;wpj; jpUkzk; nra;jy; vd;W gytiffspy; fle;j ehl;L eilKiwiaj; jPJ vd vLj;Jf;fhl;bg; ngz;-Mz; kdk; xj;jj; jpUkzk; ehl;by; eilKiwapy; tuNtz;Lk; vd topfhl;bath nghpahH MthH.

    ,Wjpahf> ,e;jpah tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; ,e;jpa murpay; rl;lKk;> rKjha eilKiwfSk; ngz;fSf;F cz;ikahd chpikfs; gy fpilf;f top tFj;Js;sd.  MapDk;> ,f;fhhpaj;jpYk; ngz;fSf;fhd rpy chpikfs; rl;lg;gbAk; eilKiwg;gbAk; nfhLf;f ,ayhJ kWf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd.  njhlHe;J te;j rKjha tuyhw;iw Nehf;Fk;nghOJ ,f;fhyj;Jg; ngz;fSf;nfdf; fpilj;Js;s rl;lg;gbahd chpikfs; ,ay;ghd msT cs;sd.  Mdhy;> mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjpy; gy rKjhag; gof;f tof;fq;fSk;> rka eilKiwfSk; jilfshf epyTfpd;wd.  ,jw;Fj; jPHT fhzf; fhyk;NjhWk; gy nghpahHfs; Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;.  ,JNt cyf epajpahFk;.  ngz;fs; gl;lq;fisg; ngwNtz;Lk;.  rl;lq;fs; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy ehL tpLjiy ngw;Wj; jdf;nfd xU murpay; rl;lj;ij cUthf;fpf; nfhz;lNghJ jhNd cUthfptpl;lJ.  ngz; rKjhaj;jpy; cau vj;jifa nray;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg; ngw Ntz;Lk; vdg; nghpahH epidj;jhNuh mj;jifa epfo;r;rpfs; nfhQ;rq; nfhQ;rkhf epiwNtwpf; nfhz;Nl tUfpd;wd.  nghpahhpd; ngz;Zhpikf; fdnty;yhk; ehl;by; edthf khwpf;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ.  nghpahH fUjpaJNghyg; ngz;fs; jhNk tpopj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;jhd; me;j epiy KOikahf ntw;wpailAk;> epiyngw;W epw;Fk; vdf; $Wjy; Kw;wpYk; nghUj;jKilajhFk;.

ed;wp

Kidth;. Nrh.Kj;jkpo;r;nry;td;