சிற்றிலக்கியங்களில் குறிஞ்சிப்பாட்டின் தாக்கம்

rpw;wpyf;fpaj;jpy; FwpQ;rpg;ghl;bd; jhf;fk;.

jkpoh;fspd; jd;dpfuw;w nrhj;J rq;f,yf;fpaq;fs; MFk;. mitNa> jkpodpd; goikiaAk; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; juzpf;F ,d;Wk; giwrhw;Wfpd;wJ. mJNghy> jkpo; ,yf;fpa thdpy; kpfg;ngUk; r%fg; Gul;rpia Vw;gLj;jpait rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fshFk;. ,t;tpyf;fpaq;fs; vz;zpf;ifapy; kpf mjpfkhf ,Ue;jNghJk; juj;jpy; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fSf;F ,izahdit. fhuzk; ,e;jr; rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspd; %yk; (njhlf;fk;) rq;f fhyj;jpNyNa njhlq;fptpl;lJ. mt;tifapy; FwpQ;rpf; fgpyuhy; gilf;fg;ngw;w FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; GijAz;bUf;Fk; rpw;wpyf;fpaf; $Wfis ,f;fl;Liu ntspf;nfhzh;fpwJ.

mq;fkhiy

    mq;f + khiy =  mq;fkhiy@ ghl;Lilj; jiytdpd; / jiytpapd; mq;fq;fisr; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghLk; ,yf;fpa tifNa mq;fkhiy. ,jpy; th;zpf;fg;gLk; cWg;Gf;fs; 27 vd;W etePjg; ghl;bay; ,yf;fzk; nra;fpwJ.

~~mt;tg; ngahpd; mq;f tifia

 tpsk;G nahOq;fpd; ntsp tpUj;jj;jhy;

 tpOj;JtJ mq;fkhiy ahNk’’

-          gpuge;j kugpay; 12

vd;W gpuge;j kugpaYk;>

~~epWj;j ntsptpUj;jk; ePLWg;gpy; te;jhy;

 Fwpj;jq;f khiyahf; nfhs;f’’

-          ntz;ghg; ghl;bay; 51 

vd;W ntz;ghg; ghl;baYk; ,yf;fzk; tFf;fpd;wd. gf;jp ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; mq;fkhiyf;Fr; rpwg;ghd ,lk; cz;L. gf;jpapy;> kdpj cWg;Gf;fspd; flg;ghLfis ,t;tq;fkhiy moFwr; Rl;Lk;. nkhj;jj;jpy; cly; cWg;ig tUzpj;Jg; ghLtNj ,jd; nghUz;ik. ,f;$W FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; rpwg;ghf mike;Js;sJ.

~~……………….. xs; Ejy;

 Xyp nkd; $e;jy; vd; Njhop Nkdp’’

-          FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L (1 – 2)

vd;W jiytpapd; cly; tdg;igj; Njhop ghuhl;Lfpwhs;. mNjhL mikahJ jiytdpd; cly; cWg;igAk; GfOk; gFjpAk; FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; nrt;tNd ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

ntwpahl;L (ke;jpuf;fl;L)

    ntw;wp Ntz;b Ntyd; fhe;jl;G+itr; #b ntwpahl;L nra;thd;. ,jidj; njhy;fhg;gpak;>

~~ntwpawp rpwg;gpd; ntt;tha; Ntyd;

 Ntwpahl;lah;e;j fhe;jSk; cWgif’’

-          njhy;fhg;gpak; 1006

vd;w E}l;gh Rl;LfpwJ. ,J ,uz;L tiffspy; epfOk;. mit>

1)    ntw;wp Ntz;b tPud; MLk; ntwpahl;L

2)     fhjy; Mw;whyhfpa jiytp Nky; epfOk; ntwpahl;L

vd;gjhFk;. jiytp> jiytd; kPJ nfhz;l ikaiyg; Nga; vd;W fUjpj; jha; mjid ke;jputhjpiaf; nfhz;L Muha Kw;gLfpwhs;. mg;NghJ jiytp jhd; nfhz;l fhjiyj; Njhop thapyhf mwj;njhL epw;wy; Kiwahy;; ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhs;.

~~tpwy; ,io nefpo;e;j tPT mUq;fLNeha;

 mfYs; Mq;fz; mwpAeh; tpdhAk;

 gutpAk; njhOJk; tpuT kyh; J}Ak;’’

-          FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L (3 – 5)

vd;w FwpQ;rpg;ghl;bd; mbfs; jiytpf;F ntwpahl;L elj;jg;gl;lijf; $WfpwJ. ntw;wp Ntz;b nra;ag;gl;l ntwpahl;L> rpyg;gjpfhu ~Ntl;Lt thpapy;’ nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

Nfrhjpghjk;

    ghl;Lilj; jiytdpd; Nfrk; njhlq;fp ghjk; tiuAs;s mtdpd; mofpidg;ghLk; ,yf;fpak; Nfrhjpghjk; MFk;.

~~mbKjy; Kbasthf ,d;nrhy;

 glh;TW fypntz;ghthy; $wy;

 ghjhjpNfrk; Nfrhjp ghjk;

 Xjpd; mg;ngauhd; ciuf;fg; gLNk’’

-          ,yf;fz tpsf;fk; 871

vd;W ,yf;fz tpsf;fk; ,yf;fzk; nra;fpwJ. 32 cWg;Gfis gd;dpU ghl;by; gl;baypLfpwJ. ghjhjpNfrkhf tUzpj;jy; ,iwtidAk; Nfrhjpghjkhf tUzpj;jy; kdpjh;fisAk; th;zpg;gJ kughf cs;sJ. rpy rkak; ,J jfh;f;fg;gLtJk; cz;L. njhy;fhg;gpak; Rl;Lk; ~eyk; ghuhl;ly;’ vd;Dk; JiwNa ,t;tiff;F mbg;gil vdyhk;. mt;tifapy; mike;j ,yf;fpaf; $W FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; mike;Js;sJ.

~~vz;nza; ePtpa fhptsh; eWq;fho;j;

 jz; eWk; jfuk; fko kz;zp

 ………………………………

 tk;G tphp fsj;jpy; ftpd; ngwg; nghype;j

 Fd;W nfO ehld; vk; tpiojU ngUtpwy;’’

-          FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L (187 – 199)

vd;W jiytdpd; ehl;bd; tsj;ijAk; rpwg;igAk; cs;Siw ctikAld; Njhop gfh;fpwhs;.

,utpilaPL

    jd;Dld; ,ize;j jiytd; kPz;L jd; CUf;Fr; nry;fpwhd;. mj;jiytd; kPz;Lk; jd;idr; re;jpf;f tUk; nghOJ Vw;gLk; ,ilA+Wfis epidj;Jj; jiytp JaUWfpwhs;. mg;nghOJ jiytd; te;J jiytpAld; NkTtJ ,utpilaPL vDk; ,yf;fptifahFk;. ,t;tiff; $W rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jifa $W FwpQ;rpg;ghl;bYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

~~…………. nfhd; CH

 kha tutpd; ,ay;G epid, Njw;wp

 …………………………….

tOtpd; tohm tpOkk; mth;

fOkiy tplufk; cilathy; vdNt’’

-          FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L (245 – 261)

vd;W jiytd; jiytpiar; re;jpf;f tUk; ,uT Neuj;jpy; mtDf;F Vw;gLk; Vjq;fis vz;zp jiytp Vq;fpajhfj; Njhop $Wfpwhs;.

rpe;JNkhfpdp

    ngz;zpd; nraiy tz;zf xj;jhopirapy; ghLk; rpe;JNkhfpdpiag; gpuge;jj; jpul;L kl;LNk Rl;LfpwJ.

~~tz;zfhthj; jhopirahd; khJfl Nduhf;fpg;

 Gz;Z rpe;J Nkhfpdpahk; ghh;’’

-          gpuge;jj; jpul;L 46

vd;w E}l;gh rpe;JNkhfpdp tifapidr; nrg;GfpwJ. FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L  KOtJNk jiytpapd; fsTf; fhyr; nray;fis kl;LNk tpsf;FfpwJ. mwj;NjhL epw;wy; vd;w xU Jiwapy; kl;LNk mike;Js;sjhy; ,J NkYk; rpwg;gilfpwJ. vdNt rpe;JNkhfpdpf;fhd mbg;gil  FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; mike;Js;sJ vdyhk;.

,yf;fpaj; jhf;fk;

    ,yf;fpaq;fs; jhdhfj; Njhd;whJ. VNjDk; xd;wpd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; jhd; Njhd;w KbAk;. mt;tifapy; jkpo;nkhopapy; kpfg; goikahdJ rq;f ,yf;fpak; jhd;. vdNt ,tw;wpd; jhf;fk; gpw ,yf;fpa tiffspYk; ,Ug;gJ ,ay;Ng. v];.itahGhpg;gps;is jdJ etePjg; ghl;bay; gjpg;gpy; njhy;fhg;gpah; fhyj;jpy; tof;fpypUe;j ehw;gj;njhU rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ ,q;F Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. vdNt rq;f ,yf;fpaf; $WfNs gpw;fhyj;jpy; jdpj; jdp rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffshf cUntLj;jd vdyhk;.

njhFg;Giu

    fgpyh; ngUkhdhy; gilf;fg; ngw;w FwpQ;rpg;ghl;by; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s mq;fkhiy> ke;jpuf;fl;L (ntwpahl;L)> Nfrhjpghjk;> Ch;ntz;gh> ,utpilaPL> rpe;JNkhfpdp Mfpa rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffspd; $Wfs; fhzg;ngWfpd;wd. vdNt rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; rq;f ,yf;fpaj;NjhL xg;G Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. Mdhy;> ,d;W rpw;wpyf;fpak; Fwpj;j Ma;Tfs; kpfTk; nrhw;gkhfNt tUfpd;wd. ,J tUe;jj; jf;f nra;jpahFk;. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; ntw;W ,yf;fpaq;fs; my;y. jkpodJ ngUikia czh;j;Jk; nrk;khe;j ,yf;fpaq;fNs vd;gJ jpz;zk;;.

ed;wp

jkpo;Nerd;

பாரதிதாசன் கவிதைகளில் பெரியாரின் பெண்ணுரிமை

ghujpjhrd; ftpijfspy; nghpahhpd; ngz;Zhpik

                       

    ngz;zbik kba Ntz;Lnkd;why; ngz;fs; jq;fs; jq;fspd; chpikf;fhfg; Nghuhl Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;.  jkpofj;jpy; ,jw;F topfhl;bahf tpsq;fpatHfSs; rpwg;ghfr; Rl;lj;jf;ftH nghpahH <.Nt. ,uhkrhkp MthH.  ngz;Zhpikfs; gw;wpg; gFj;jwpTg; gfytd; je;ij nghpahH rpe;jpj;j mstpw;F cyfpy; NtW gFj;jpwthsHfs; rpe;jpj;jJ fpilahJ vdf; $wyhk;.  xg;ghUk; kpf;fhUk; ,y;yhj gFj;jwpthsuhd nghpahH jhd; XH Mzhfg; gpwe;j epiyapYk; xU gf;fkhf epy;yhJ nghJthd khdpl Nea Nehf;NfhL mwpT> tsHr;rp> khdplr; rpwg;Gg; gw;wp kl;LNk rpe;jpj;jjhy; ngz;Zf;Fk; vy;yh chpikfSk; cz;L vd;w fUj;ij mtuhy; Kd;itj;J typAWj;j ,ad;wJ.  ngz;fs; epiy Kd;Ndw;wk; mile;jhy;jhd; xU ehL cz;ikahd tpLjiy ngw;wjhff; fUj KbAk; vd vz;zpdhH.  ,e;j cz;ikahd tpLjiyiaf; fhz tpUk;gp mjw;fhfj; jd; tho;ehspd; filrp fhyk; tiu ghLgl;ltH nghpahH <.Nt. ,uhkrhkp MthH.  ngz;Zf;F chpa chpikfs; vit> mtw;iwg; ngWk; topfs; vit vd;gdtw;iw tpsf;fpatH nghpahH MthH.  me;jifathpd; ngz;Zhpikr; rpe;jidfs; vq;qdk; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfspy; nghjpe;Js;sJ vd;gjid ,f;fl;Liu Muha;fpd;wJ.

nghpahhpd; eLepiyg; ngz;zpak;

    top topahfg; ngz;fspd; mbikepiyf;Fr; rKjha mikg;G eilKiwfNs fhuzk; vd;gjidr; rpe;jpj;J czHe;j nghpahH nfhjpj;J vOe;jhH.  ,jw;F xU jPHT fhz vz;zpdhH.  ve;jtpj czHr;rpf;Fk; ,lq;nfhlhJ mwptpay; Kiwapy;> eLepiyahd Kiwapy;> Mf;fg;G+Htkhd epiyapy; ngz;zbik epiyf;F chpa fhuzq;fis Muha;e;jhH.  jhk; rpe;jpj;J czHe;j cz;ikfis ehnlq;Fk; gy nghJf; $l;lq;fis mikj;Jg; NgrpdhH.  ngz;fspd; chpikia epiy ehl;LtNj jd;Dila Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;gijg; NgrpAk; ,jw;nfd VLfs; elj;jpg; gy khehLfs; elj;jpAk; xU Nghpaf;fj;ijj; jdJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; elj;jpdhH.  mt;tifapy;> “Mzpd; eyj;Jf;Fg; gad;gLtjw;Fk;> Mzpd; jpUg;jpf;Fk; Mzpd; ngUikf;Fk; ngz; XH cgfUtp vd;gjy;yhky; NtW vd;d?  XH MZf;F xU rikay;fhhp@ XH Mzpd; FLk;gg; ngUf;Ff;F xU gps;is tpistpf;Fk; gz;iz@ XH Mzpd; fz; mofpw;Fk;> kdg; Gsfhq;fpjw;Fk; XH mofpa myq;fhpf;fg; ngw;w nghk;ik vd;gjy;yhky; ngz;fs; nghpJk; vjw;Fg; gad;gLfpwhHfs;?  gad;gLj;jg; ngWfpwhHfs;?  ,J vd;d epahak;?  kdpj rKjhak; jtpu kw;wgb kpUfk;> gl;rp> G+r;rp> [e;J Kjypaitfspy; NtW ve;j [PtdhtJ Mz;fSf;fhfNt ,Uf;fpNwhk; ehk; vd;w fUj;Jld;> elj;ijAld; ,Uf;fpwjh?” (nghpahH <.Nt.uh. rpe;jidfs;> g. 127) vdg; nghpahH ngz;fs; epiy gw;wp tpQ;Qhd Kiwapy; tpsf;fkhff; $wpdhH.  MizAk; ngz;izAk; rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;b ,jd;%yk; ngz; vd;gts; rKjhaj;jpy; ve;j epiyapy; fUjg; ngWfpd;whs; vd;gijg; ngz;fs; Kjypy; czu Ntz;Lk;.  Mz;fs; ,jw;F xU fhuzkhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;gijj; jkpo;r; rKjhaj;jpw;F czHj;jpg; ngz;fspd; cz;ikahd tpLjiyf;F tpj;jpl;lhH.

ngz;Zhpikf;fhd tpopg;GzHT

    ngz;fs; Mz;fSf;F epfuhd chpikiag; ngwNtz;Lnkd;why; mtHfSf;F tpopg;GzHT kpfTk; mtrpakhFk;.  ngz;fs; jhk; ngWfpd;w chpikfSf;Fr; rpy Neuq;fspy; jhq;fNs vjphpfshf khwptpLfpd;wdH.  ,j;jifa epiyf;Ff; fhuzk; fhyq;fhykhfg; ngz;fs; mbikfshf elj;jg; ngw;W te;jNjahFk;.  me;j mbikj;jdk; mtHfsJ kdj;jpy; Mog; gjpe;J jq;fisj; jhq;fNs jho;j;jpf; nfhs;Sk; epiyf;F Ml;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldH.  ,e;epiy Kjypy; khwNtz;Lk;.  Mjyhy; ngz;fSf;Fr; rKjha tpopg;GzHT kpfTk; Kf;fpak; vd vz;zpdhH.  jhq;fSk; rKjhaj;jpy; XH mq;fj;jpdHjhk;> rKjhak; cauj; jq;fsJ epiyAk; cau Ntz;Lk; vd;W xt;nthU ngz;Zk; czHe;J me;epiyf;Fj; jhq;fs; caug; ghLgl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijg; nghpahH vLj;Jiuj;jhH.

        “jpj;jpf;fg; gok; jpd;df; nfhLg;ghH

         kJug; gUg;G toq;FthH cdf;F

          nghd;Nd kzpNa vd;Widg; Gfo;thH

                 (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;> njhFjp-2> g. 180)

vd;w ghly; %yk; $z;by; milf;fg;ngWk; fpspfs; epiyiag; Nghy; ngz;fs; Mzpdj;jhy; caHj;jg;gLtJ Nghy; Njhd;wpdhYk; cz;ikapy; mbik nfhs;Sk; epiyNa mikfpwJ vd tpsf;Ffpd;whH nghpahH nfhs;iffisg; ghLk; ghujpjhrd;.  Mjyhy; jk;ik mbikg;gLj;jpAs;s Mz; ,dk;> jhdhfNt Kd; te;J ngz;fSf;F tpLjiy toq;Fk; vd;W vjpHghHf;f ,ayhJ@ vjpHghHf;fTk; $lhJ@ mbikg;gLj;jpa ,dk; mbikapd; ,d tpLjiyf;Fg; ghLgl Kd; tuNt tuhJ@ mt;thW  Kd; te;jhYk; mJ ,aw;iff;F KuzhdJ.  mt;thNw ghLgl;lhYk; NtWtifapy; mbikj; jisia ,WfplNt nra;Ak; #o;r;rpahfj;jhd; mJ mike;J epw;Fk;.  Mjyhy;jhd; jd; mbikj; jisia Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;sg; ngz;zpdk; jhNd Kd;tu Ntz;Lk; vd mwpTWj;jpdhH nghpahH <.Nt. ,uhkrhkp. (nghpahH <.Nt.uh. rpe;jidfs;> g. 163)

ngz;Zf;F Ntz;ba chpikfs;

    ngz;fs; cz;ikahd Rje;jpuj;NjhL tho Ntz;Lkhdhy; ngw;Nwhhpd; nrhj;jpy; rNfhjuHfSf;F epfuhd rkchpik> jd; tho;f;ifj; Jiziaj; jhNd NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpik> fztd; rhpapy;yhjNghJ mtid tpl;L tpyfpf; nfhs;Sk; chpik> fztd; ,we;jgpd; kWkzk; nra;Jnfhs;Sk; chpik> ghy;a tpthfj;ij kWf;Fk; chpik> vOj;Jhpik> fztDf;F epfuhd chpikfs; Nghd;wit ngz;fSf;F mspf;fg;ngw Ntz;Lk;.  ,j;jifa chpikfs; ngz;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg; ngWk;NghJ ngz;fshy; FLk;gj;jpYk; rKjhaj;jpYk; epkpHe;J epw;f ,aYk;.  jhd; mbik vd;w vz;zk; mtHfsJ cs;sj;jpypUe;J NtnuhL gpLq;fp vwpag;gLk; vd;gtw;iwNa nghpahH tho;ehnsy;yhk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;yp te;jhH.  ,j;jifa fUj;Jf;fis ,tUf;F Kd;Nd ,JNghy; tphpthfTk; Mzpj;jukhfTk; kdpj ,dj;ij Kd;epWj;jp eLepiyahfTk; rpe;jpj;Jf; $wpatHfs; ahUk; ,y;iy vdf; $wyhk;>

ngz;zbik kz;zbikf;Fr; rkk;

    nghpahH jd; ,af;fj;ij elj;j Muk;gpj;j fhyfl;lk; ,e;jpah tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;   nghpahUk; mt;tpLjiy ,af;fj;jpy; Kd;epd;W nray;gl;ltNj MthH.  ,e;jpah tpLjiy ngw;why; ,e;jpag; nghUshjhuKk; ,e;jpar; rKjhaj;jpd; gy njha;e;j $WfSk; cz;ikahd tpLjiyiag; gpd;dH ngw;WtpLk; vd;W nghJthf ek;gp ,tw;Wf;Fj; jilahf ,Ue;j Mq;fpy Ml;rpia mfw;Wtjpy; fhe;jp[p cs;spl;l Njrj;jiytHfs; MHtk; fhl;bdH.  Mdhy;> nghpahH Kjypy; ,NjNghy; vz;zpr; nray;gl;lhYk; ehsiltpy; ,e;jKiw ,e;jpahtpw;F cz;ikahd tpLjiyiag; ngw;Wj;juhJ.  rKjha tpLjiyNa cz;ikahd murpay;> nghUshjhu tpLjiyia ehl;L kf;fSf;Fg; ngw;Wj; jUk; vd vz;zpdhH.  Mjyhy;> fhq;fpuR ,af;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpj; jd; nfhs;iffis tpsf;fj; jdpahf Rakhpahij ,af;fj;ijAk;> gFj;jwpT ,af;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpdhH.  mr;rKjha tpLjiyapy; ngz;tpLjiyNa jiyikahdJ vd Kof;fkplTk; nra;jhH.

    kz;zbik jPu Ntz;Lnkdpy; mq;F ngz;zbik kz;NzhL kz;zhfpg; NghfNtz;Lk;.  rKjhak; vd;gJ MZk; ngz;Zk; ,ize;jNj MFk;.  rKjhaj;jpd; xUghjpahfpa ngz;zpdj;ij xJf;fptpl;L ,d;ndhU ghjpahd Mzpdk; kl;Lk; jdpj;J epd;W ,aq;fp rkr;rPuhd rKjhaj;ij cUthf;fNth elj;jNth KbahJ vd;gijj; njs;sj; njspthf vLj;Jf; fhl;bath nghpahH.  nrhw;nghopthf> fl;Liuahf ehl;by; vLj;Njhjpa nghpahhpd; ,f;fUj;Jf;fis cs;thq;fpa mthpd; re;jjp ghNte;jd; ghujpjhrd;> jdJ czHr;rpkpf;f ftpij thpfs; %yk; vLj;J ,ak;gpdhH.

         “ngz;Zf;Fg; Ngr;Rhpik Ntz;lhk; vd;fpd;wPNuh?

          kz;Zf;Fk; Nflha; kjpj;jPNuh ngz;zpdj;ij?

          ngz;zbik jPUkl;Lk; NgRe; jpUehl;L

          kz;zbik jPHe;JtUjy; Kaw;nfhk;Ng!

          Cik vd;W ngz;iz ciuf;F kl;Lk; cs;slq;Fk;

          Mik epiyikjhd; MltHf;Fk; cz;L”

                      (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; njhFjp-1> g. 3)

vdf; fhuz fhhpaj; njhlHGld; ngz;tpLjiyNa vy;yhtif tpLjiyf;Fk; tpj;jpLk; MzpNtH vd nkhopthH.

tho;f;ifj; Jiziaj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpik

    kfspH jkf;F Ntz;ba tho;f;ifj; Jiztiuj; jhNk NjHe;njLg;gNj rpwe;j Kiw vd;W>

         “tho;Tf;NfhH khg;gps;isiaf; fz;L – fhl;bj;

          ‘Njit ,td;’ vdNt nrg;Gk; nkhop vdf;Fj;

          Njd;! fdp! jpj;jpf;Fk;fw; fz;L”

                 (ghujpjhrd; ,iraKJ> njhFjp-2> g. 31)

vDk; ftpijapy; nkhopfpd;whH.  ,jpy; khg;gps;isiaj; jhNd NjHe;njLj;j ngz;izg; Gfo;e;Jiuf;fpwhH.

    ngz; jd;epiyapy; tpsf;fk; ngwj; jd; epiyapy; jsuhJ tho top tFg;gJ ngz; fy;tp vd;Wk;> mg;ngz; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;ghfr; rKjhaj;jpd; cWg;ghf – kfshf – kidtpahf – jhahf – kUkfshf kw;w epiyAilatshf thOk;NghJ rpwg;ghfg; ngwNtz;baJ jpUkz chpikNaahFk;.  jpUkzj;ij ‘Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gapH’ vd;ghHfs;.  mg;gapH ed;F Kistpl;L Mokhf MNuhf;fpakhf tsuf; fUj;J xd;Wgl;l jk;gjpfs; ,y;yw tho;tpy; ,iza Ntz;Lk;.  Mdhy;> ,j;jifa epiy ,d;iwf;F ,Uf;fpwjh vd;W ghHf;Fk;NghJ ngUk;ghYk; ,y;iy.  ngaHg; nghUj;jk;> gzg; nghUj;jk;> rhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;Fk; ngw;NwhH kdg; nghUj;jk; ghHg;gjpy;iy.  ,jdhy; gy jpUkzq;fs; ,ilapNyNa Kwpe;J Njhy;tpailfpd;wd.  ,jidf;$lj; jhq;fs; nra;j jtW vdg; ngw;NwhHfs; xg;Gf; nfhs;tjpy;iy.  rka> rKjha ek;gpf;ifahy; tpjpapd;Nky; gopia Vw;wptpLfpwhHfs;.  kzkfidj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpikia mtid kzf;fg;NghFk; ngz;Zf;F kl;Lk; tpLtjpy;iy.  jpUkzk; nra;J nfhLj;Jtpl;lhNyh mj;NjhL jq;fs; flik Kbe;Jtpl;lJ vd epidj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;.  mjd;gpd; ngz;Zf;F ,iof;fg;gLfpd;w nfhLikfSf;F mtHfs; nghWg;Ngw;gjpy;iy.  ,jd; tpisthfg; ngz; rl;lg;gb gy chpikfisg; ngw ,f;fhyj;jpYk; $lg; gy jPf;Fspg;Gfs; ek; rKjhaj;jpy; eilngWfpd;wd.  khkdhH> khkpahH> kidtp nfhLikahy; ve;j Mz; kfDk; jPf;Fspj;jjhf> mLg;Gfs; ntbj;jjhfr; rhpj;jpuNk ,y;iy.  ‘Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gapH’ vd;w jpUkzg; gapH nropj;J tsu kztho;f;ifiaj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; KO chpikiaAk; ngz;Zf;Nf nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijg; nghpahH Nghpaf;fkhf ehL KOtJk; elj;jpdhH.

    ,j;jifa epiyapidg; nghpahH topepd;W ghujpjhrdhUk;>

         “fy;ahzk; Mfhj ngz;Nz – cd;

          fjpjd;id eP epr;rak; nra;f fz;Nz!

          jdpj;Jf; fple;jpLk; yhak; - mjpy;

          js;spailf;fg; gLq;Fjp iuf;Fk;

          fidj;jpl cj;juTz;L – tPl;by;

          fhhpif ehzTk; mQ;rTk; Ntz;Lk;

          fdj;j cd; ngw;Nwhiuf; NfNs? mtH

          fy;nyhj;j neQ;ir Ad; fz;zPhpdhNy

          eidj;jpLtha; mjd;NkYk; - mtH

          Qhak; juhtpby; tpLjiy Nkw;nfhs;”

                      (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;> njhFjp-1> g. 117)

vdj; jpUkz chpikia epiy ehl;l ‘ngz;Zf;F ePjp’ ciuj;Js;shH.

    rhjfk; ghHj;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;jy;> ma;aH itj;Jg; gy rlq;FfNshL jpUkzk; nra;jy;> rhjpf;Fs;NsNa jpUkzk; nra;jy;> ngw;NwhH KbTg;gb kl;Lk; ngz; rk;kjkpd;wpj; jpUkzk; KbTnra;jy;> taJg; nghUj;jkpd;wpj; jpUkzk; nra;jy; vd;W gytiffspy; fle;j ehl;L eilKiwiaj; jPJ vd vLj;Jf;fhl;bg; ngz;-Mz; kdk; xj;jj; jpUkzk; ehl;by; eilKiwapy; tuNtz;Lk; vd topfhl;bath nghpahH MthH.

    ,Wjpahf> ,e;jpah tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; ,e;jpa murpay; rl;lKk;> rKjha eilKiwfSk; ngz;fSf;F cz;ikahd chpikfs; gy fpilf;f top tFj;Js;sd.  MapDk;> ,f;fhhpaj;jpYk; ngz;fSf;fhd rpy chpikfs; rl;lg;gbAk; eilKiwg;gbAk; nfhLf;f ,ayhJ kWf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd.  njhlHe;J te;j rKjha tuyhw;iw Nehf;Fk;nghOJ ,f;fhyj;Jg; ngz;fSf;nfdf; fpilj;Js;s rl;lg;gbahd chpikfs; ,ay;ghd msT cs;sd.  Mdhy;> mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjpy; gy rKjhag; gof;f tof;fq;fSk;> rka eilKiwfSk; jilfshf epyTfpd;wd.  ,jw;Fj; jPHT fhzf; fhyk;NjhWk; gy nghpahHfs; Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;.  ,JNt cyf epajpahFk;.  ngz;fs; gl;lq;fisg; ngwNtz;Lk;.  rl;lq;fs; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy ehL tpLjiy ngw;Wj; jdf;nfd xU murpay; rl;lj;ij cUthf;fpf; nfhz;lNghJ jhNd cUthfptpl;lJ.  ngz; rKjhaj;jpy; cau vj;jifa nray;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg; ngw Ntz;Lk; vdg; nghpahH epidj;jhNuh mj;jifa epfo;r;rpfs; nfhQ;rq; nfhQ;rkhf epiwNtwpf; nfhz;Nl tUfpd;wd.  nghpahhpd; ngz;Zhpikf; fdnty;yhk; ehl;by; edthf khwpf;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ.  nghpahH fUjpaJNghyg; ngz;fs; jhNk tpopj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;jhd; me;j epiy KOikahf ntw;wpailAk;> epiyngw;W epw;Fk; vdf; $Wjy; Kw;wpYk; nghUj;jKilajhFk;.

ed;wp

Kidth;. Nrh.Kj;jkpo;r;nry;td;

வடவேங்கடமும் தென்திருப்பதியும்

tlNtq;flKk; njd;jpUg;gjpAk;

Kd;Diu

~Nfhapy; ,y;yhj Chpy; FbapUf;fhNj’ vd;gJ gonkhop. ,jd; topf; Nfhapypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ekf;F tpsq;Fk;. jkpofj;jpd; Nfhapy;fs; ek; njhd;ikAk; gz;ghl;ilAk; jd;dpiyapy; ,d;Wk; tpsf;fpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. mt;tifapy;> tlNtq;flk; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; jpUg;gjp vd;Dk; ChpidAk; njd;jpUg;gjp vd;W miof;fg;gLk; jpUtz;zhkiy ChpidAk; xg;gpl;L Ma;tjhf ,f;fl;Liu mikfpwJ. njd;jpUg;gjp vd;w ngah; toq;Ftjw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; ,f;fl;Liu Ma;fpwJ.

Nfhapy; jj;Jtk;

    

~Nfhapy;’ vd;gJ nja;tk; ciwAk; ,lj;ijAk; Nte;jd; ciwAk; ,lj;ijAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ,t;tpU Nfhtpy;fSf;Fk; ehbr;nry;Yq;fhy; kf;fSf;F ed;ik fpilf;Fk; vd;gJ mbg;gil. ,iw topr;nrd;why; ey;tho;T milayhk; vd;Dk; mbg;gilapy; gf;jpik njhlh;fpd;wJ.

jpUg;gjpfSk; jpUkiy ehaf;fUk;.

     itztf; Nfhapy;fs; jpUkiyehaf;fu; fhyj;jpNyNa jkpofj;jpy; kpFjpahff; fl;lg;gl;ld. tl Ntq;flj;jpw;F epiwa Mguzq;fs; je;Js;shh;. jpUtpy;ypGj;J}hpYk; jpUkiy ehaf;fh; topghL nra;tjw;F mbf;fb te;J jq;fpAs;shh;. mth; te;J jq;fpa muz;kid jw;NghJk; ,e;Jrka mwepiyaj;Jiwapd; guhkhpg;gpy; jpUtpy;ypGj;J}hpy; cs;sJ. ,jpypUe;J> jpUkiy kd;dd; ,U Nfhapy;fSf;Fk; nfhLj;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk; njhpatUfpwJ.

tlNtq;flKk; njd;jpUg;gjpAk;

tlNtq;flk; gw;wp Fwpg;Gfs; rq;fg;ghly;fspNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wd. goe;jkpofj;jpd; tl vy;iyahf mJ ,Ue;jJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xd;whFk;. njd; jpUg;gjp vd;W miof;fg;gLk; jpUtz;zhkiyahdJ tl Ntq;flj;jpw;Ff; fhyj;jhy; gpe;ijaJ MFk;. mJ> tl Ntq;flj;jpd; mikg;gpNy eph;khzk; nra;ag;gl;lf; fUj;ij nka;g;gpg;gNj ,t;tha;tpd; Nehf;fhFk;.

jpUtz;zhkiy

     muq;fd; Nky; Mwhf; fhjy; nfhz;L mtid mile;j Mz;lhs; gpwe;j Ch; jpUtpy;ypGj;J}h; MFk;. mj;jpUtpy;ypGj;J}hpy; ,Ue;J tlf;Nf %d;W fpNyhkPl;lh; njhiytpy; mike;Js;sJ. nrd;id mUNf cs;s jpUtz;zhkiyapy; mz;zhiyahh; ciwe;Js;shh;. jpUtpy;ypGj;J}h; jpUtz;zhkiyapy; rPdpthrg;ngUkhs; ciwe;Js;shh;. ,f;NfhtpYf;Fj;; jpUtz;zhkiy vd;W ngah; te;jij> ~~jpUkhy; FbapUf;Fk; kiyahdJ ~jpUkiy’ vd;W Muk;gj;jpy; miof;fg;gl;lJ. jpUtpy;ypGj;J}hpy; khhpak;kd;> KUfd;> gps;isahh;> fUg;grhkp Nghd;w nja;tq;fis tzq;fpa gf;jh;fsplk; ~~NfhNdhpapy; Fspj;Jtpl;L vq;fs; mz;zdhfpa jpUkiyia tzq;fp thUq;fs; vd;W Fuy; Nfl;lJ….. md;wpypUe;J ~mz;zd; jpUkiy’ vd;gJ jpUtz;zhkiy vdg;ngah; khwpaJ’’ vd;gh;.

jpUtz;zhkiy tuyhw;W Nehf;F

     jpUtpy;ypGj;J}h;> ~tuhf Nrj;jpuk;’> ~GJit’> ~njd;GJit’> ~Gj;J}h;’> ~tlNt];tuGuk;’> ~fhdjGhp’ vd;w gy ngah;fshy; miof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

     tpy;yp vd;Dk; Ntl;Lt murdhy; ,t;T+h; GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l fhuzj;jhy; tpy;ypGj;J}h; vd;w ngah; ngw;wjhff; $Wth;. tpy;yp kd;dd; kl;Lky;yhJ> fp.gp.1536,y; ghz;bah;fspyhYk; ,f;Nfhtpy; GJg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jpdrhp ehl;fhl;bapy; $l ,jid nka;g;gpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ~jpUtz;zhkiy rkPgk; rPdpthrg; ngUkhs; Nfhapy;’ vDkhW tpohf;fs; gw;wpa tpguk; jug;gl;bUf;Fk;.

     ,jd; top> jpUtz;zhkiy vd;Dk; njd;jpUg;gjp gpw;fhyj;jpdjhFk; vd;gij mwpayhk;. ,j;njd;jpUg;gjp eph;khzk; nra;ag;gl;lJ tlNtq;flj;jpd; mbg;gilapNyNa MFk;

tlNtq;flk; - njd;jpUg;gjp xg;Gikf;$Wfs;

tl Ntq;flk; Nfhtpypy; kiy kPJ ngUkhd; vOe;jUspapUg;gJ Nghy> ,q;Fk; ngUkhs; kiy kPNj vOe;jUspapUf;fpwhh;. tlNtq;flj;jpd; mbthuj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ Nghd;W njd;jpUg;gjpapd; mbthuj;jpYk; ~kq;fhGuk;’ vd;Dk; Ch; mike;Js;sJ. ~myNkY kq;ifGuk;’ vd;Dk; Ch;g; ngahpd; jphpNg kq;fhGuk; MFk;. ,d;W tiuapYk; ,U Ch;fSk; kq;fhGuk; vd;Nw ,U khepyq;fspYk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

jpUtpy;ypGj;J}h; kq;fhGuk; mUNf> ~ngUkhs; gl;b’ vd;Dk; CUk; ~MW Ma;r;rpah;gl;b’ vd;Dk; nghUSila Ch; ~Muha;r;rpgl;b’ vd;w jphpGila ngaUld; tpsq;fp tUfpd;wd.  itztk; jkpofj;jpy; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;w fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,t;T+h;g; ngah;fs; cUthfpapUf;ff; $Lk;.

,J fhuzj;jpdhNyNa jpUtpy;ypGj;J}h; rPdpthrg; ngUkhs; Nfhtpiyj; njd;jpUg;gjp vdf; $WtJ nghUe;Jtjhf cs;sJ.

     jpUtpy;ypGj;J}hpy; tho;e;j me;jzh;fs; my;yJ tpraefug; Nguurpd; rhh;G Ml;rpahsh;fshy; tlNtq;flj;jpd; mikg;gpy; jpUtz;zhkiy epWtg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.

epiwTiu

     Ma;T topf;fz;l jfty;fs; jtpu> fy;ntl;L> mfoha;T> Xiyr;Rtb> jyGuhzq;fs;> nrg;Gg; gl;laq;fs; mbg;gilapy; jpUtz;zhkiyia Ma;T nra;jhy; Ma;Tyfpw;F ,d;Dk; gy nra;jpfs; ntsptuyhk;.

    

ed;wp.

k.gpurd;dh

தி. ஜானகிராமன் புதினங்களில் தஞ்சை

jp.[hdfpuhkd; Gjpdq;fspy; jQ;ir

Kd;Diu:

    “vdJ CiuAk; vd; kf;fisAk; ehd; kpfTk; Nerpf;fpNwd;. ehd; gpwe;J tpOe;jJ ,e;j kz;zpd; Nky; jhd;. ehd; jto;e;J tpisahb kfpo;e;jJk;> tpOe;J Guz;L mOjJk;> ,e;j kz;zpd; kbapy; jhd;. ,e;jg; GOjpia ehd; jiyapy; thup ,iwj;J Mde;jk; gl;bUf;fpNwd;. ,e;jf; fupry; kz;iz ehd; Urpj;Jj; jpd;wjw;F vj;jid Kiw vd; ngw;Nwhuplk; mb thq;fpapUf;Nfd;. ,d;iwf;Fk; njtpl;ltpy;iy ,e;j kz;” (fijfSk; fijg;ghly;fSk;> kzpkhwd; > ghujp Gj;jfhyak;> nrd;id – 18> gf;.21-22) vd;fpwhH vOj;jhsH fp.uh[ ehuhazd;. ve;j xU gilg;ghsUk;> mtH CH jhz;b> efuk; jhz;b> nkhop> ,dk; jhz;b> ehL jhz;b Gyk; ngaHe;jpUe;jhYk;> mtUf;Fj; jd; nrhe;j Cupd; kzKk;> FzKk; kiwe;J NghfhJ. nrhy;yg; Nghdhy;> mtHfspd; kdj;jpd; mbahoj;jpy; Gije;jpUf;Fk; mtHfSila nrhe;j CH gw;wpa epidTfs; jhk; gilg;GfspYk; ntspg;gLk;. me;j tifapy;> jp.[hdfpuhkdpd; Gjpdq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; jQ;ir khtl;l CHg; ngaHfisAk;> mtw;wpd; rpwg;GfisAk; gw;wp Ma;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

[hdfpuhkdpd; CHg;gw;W:

    jpahfuh[ rh];jpup [hdfpuhkd; vd;fpw jp.[hdfpuhkd; jQ;ir khtl;lk;> kd;dhH Fb mUfpYs;s Njtq;Fbapy; 1921 – Mk; Mz;L #d; khjk; 28 Mk; ehs; gpwe;jhH. jp.[h.> gpwe;jJ Njtq;Fb vd;whYk;> mq;F mtUila tho;f;if MW khjq;fs; kl;LNk ePbj;jJ. gpd;dH mtuJ ,sk; taJ tho;f;if mq;Fkpq;Fkhf khwp ,Wjpahf> fPohtplq;fypy; epiy ngw;wJ. ,jidj; jp.[h.> nrhw;fshNyNa mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.

    “vd;Ndhl fpuhkk; jhd; ehd; gpwe;j CH. kd;dhHFbf;Fg; gf;fk; Njtq;Fbd;D xU CH. Mdhy; MW khrk; jhd; mq;Nf ,Ue;Njd;….. mJf;fg;Gwk; Fk;gNfhzk; te;Njhk;. mg;Gwk; mq;fpUe;J jQ;rhT+H NghNdhk;. Fk;gNfhzj;Jf;Fg; gf;fj;Jy ,d;ndhU fpuhkk; - Flthry; fpl;lf;f. tyq;ifkhDf;Fk; mJf;Fk; eLtpy> mq;Nf jhd; vq;fSf;Fg; gpw;ghL FbNaWk; gbah Mr;R” (nrhy;tdk; ,jo;>24.5.2011)

    vd;W jp.[h Fwpg;gpLtjpdpd;W jQ;ir khtl;lf; fpuhkk; gFjpfspNyNa mtUila ,sk; taJ tho;f;if njhlq;fpajid mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. jp.[htpd; njhlf;ff; fy;tp mtuJ FLk;gk; jQ;irf;F te;j NghJ njhlq;fpaJ. caHepiyg; gs;spg; gbg;G jQ;rhT+upYk;> fPohtplq;fypYk; ePbj;jJ. ,sk;gUt tho;f;ifr; #oYk;> ,lr; #oYk; kdpjHf;s kdj;jpy; Mo;e;j jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jnkd;w fhuzj;jhy;; jd;Dila Gjpdq;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikAk; jQ;ir khtl;lf; fpuhkg; gFjpfisNa gpd;dzpahf mikj;jpUf;fpd;whH. “capHj;Njd;” Gjpdj;jpy; Xuplj;jpy; mjd; fij khe;juhd G+tuhtd;>

    “vdf;F ,g;g Fsk;> tay;>kuk;> Gy;Y> kz;Z - ,njy;yhk; jhd; Cuhg; gLJ. vq;f mg;ghTk; mk;khTk; tsHe;j CU ,J…. xU ehisf;fhtJ ,e;j Ciug; gj;jp nrhy;yhk ,Uf;f khl;lhq;f mg;gh….. ,e;jf;  Fsk;> Mj;jq;fiu> Xq;fhsp rj;jpuk;> cwTf;fhuq;f – vy;yhj;ijAk; gj;jp xU gj;J epkp\k;  Ngrhj Nghdh mtUf;Fj; J}f;fk; tuhNjh – rgjk; jhd; vLj;Jf;fpl;lhNuh – tha; Xahk nrhy;ypapUf;fhq;f” (capHj; Njd;>g.39) vd;W $Wfpd;whH.

    fij khe;jH $w;whf ,J mike;Js;s NghjpYk;> jp.[h.>tpd; CHg; gw;Wk;> kd Vf;fKNk ,q;F thHj;ijfshf tbtike;jpUg;gij mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

jQ;rhT+H – ngaHf;fhuzk;:

    jQ;rhiw (Miw – muz;) jQ;rk; mile;jtHfSf;F muzhf tpsq;FtJ vd;Dk; nghUspy; mike;Js;sJ. jQ;ir khtl;lg; gFjp ePH tsKk; epy tsKk; kpFe;J vg;nghOJk; FspHr;rpahd gFjpahff; fhzg;gl;l fhuzj;jhy; jz; + nra; = jQ;ir vd kUtp te;jpUf;fyhk; vd;Wk; $w Kbfpd;wJ.

jQ;irAk; jp.[hTk;:

    jQ;ir khtl;lk; rq;f fhyj;jpy; tsq;nfhopf;Fk; kUj epykhf kl;LNk ,Ue;J te;jJ. rq;f fhyr; Nrho kd;dHfspilNa murpay; uPjpahd rpwg;igj; jQ;ir ngwtpy;iy. mtHfsidtUk; ciwA+iuNa jiyefuhff; nfhz;L Nrho kz;lyj;ij Mz;L te;jdH. ,e;j Kw;fhyr; NrhoHfspd; Nguurhl;rp Kj;jiuaHfspd; tuthy; KbTf;F te;jJ. Kj;jiuaHfspd; fPo; NrhoHfs; rpw;wurHfshf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy;> jQ;irapd; tsk; fz;L mjidj jiyefuhff; nfhz;L Kj;jiuaHfs; Msj; njhlq;fpdH. Kj;jiuaHfis ntd;W gpw;fhyr; Nrhouhl;rp tp[ayadhy; jiynaLj;j nghOj Nrho kz;lyj;jpw;fhd khngUk; jiyefuhfj; jQ;ir khwpaJ. mjd; gpwF ehD}W Mz;Lfl;Fk; Nkyhfj; jQ;ir Nrhoj; jiyikaplkhf tpsq;fpr; rpwg;Gw;wJ. NrhoHfSf;Fg; gpd;dH ghz;baHfs;> gpd;dH ehaf;fHfs;> kuhl;baHfs; vd;W fp.gp.1600 tiu jQ;ir ifkhwpaJ. ruNgh[p fhyj;jpy; Mq;fpNyaH iffSf;Fs; jQ;ir rpiw nfhz;lJ. jp.[h.> mq;F tho;e;J 1920 – f;Fk;> 50 fSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; mq;F nts;isauhl;rp  jhd; eilngw;wJ. MdhYk;> tskpf;f kUj epykhf> gioa NrhWile;j Nrho kz;lykhf mg;gbNa jhd; ,Ue;J te;jJ. jQ;irnad;whNy jp.[hTf;F mq;F XLfpw fhtpupAk;> mjd; gw;gy Mw;wq;fiufSk;> Mw;wq;fiuapyike;j Nfhapy;fSNk epidtpw;F te;jd.

Gjpdq;fs;	CH	Mw;wq;fiufs;	Nfhapy;fs;
nrk;gUj;jp	nrk;gD}H	-	rz;gftNdrH Nfhapy;> mk;ikag;gd; Nfhapy;.
NkhfKs;	ghgehrk; (fpsp kq;fyk;)	FlKUl;b ahw;wq;fiu murpyhw;wq;fiu	Mw;wq;fiur; rptd; Nfhapy;> ,uhkrhkp Nfhapy;> Fk;Ngr;Rud; Nfhapy;> ehNfr;tud; Nfhapy;.
mk;kh te;jhs;	rpj;jd; Fsk;	fhNtup ahw;wq;fiu	fhNtupf; fiuf; Nfhapy;> ngUkhs; Nfhapy;> rptd; Nfhapy;.
kyH kQ;rk;	uh[q;fhL jQ;rhT+H	-	itj;jP];tud; Nfhapy;> ngUTilahH Nfhapy;.
capHj; Njd;	MWfl;b	fhNtupahw;wq;fiu	ngUkhs; Nfhapy;> gplhup Nfhapy;.
esghfk;	ey;Y}H	murpyhw;wq;fiu fhtpupahw;wq;fiu	jhuhRuk;> rptd; Nfhapy;> ngUkhs; Nfhapy;.
kug;gR	md;dthry;	-	khupak;kd; Nfhapy;> rptd; Nfhapy;

    ,it jtpu Ntjf;Fb> khatuk;> ee;j kq;fyk;> Kdpaq;fhL> kd;dhH Fb> eurpq;fGuk;> ,f;fhb> kQ;rf;Fb> nfhulhr;Nrup> Fj;jhyk;> ed;dpyk;> khj;J}H> flk;gq;Fb> kJf;Fb Mfpa CHfSk;> nfhs;splk; Mw;Wg;gFjpAk;> tpr;tehjH NfhapYk; Gjpdq;fspy; ngaustpy; Mq;fhq;F te;J Nghfpd;wd.

CHfSk; njUg; ngaHfSk;:

    [hdfpuhkd; Gjpdq;fspy; gpd;dzpahf CHfs; kl;Lky;yhJ mt;T+HfspYs;s njUf;fs;> filtPjpfs;> mtw;wpd; mikg;G MfpadTk; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Fk;gNfhzk; ngupa njU> Jf;fhk;ghisaj; njU> flyq;Fbj; njU> jpUkQ;rd tPjp> rpj;jpuf;Fsk;> kfhkff; Fsk;> gr;irag;gd; Fsk;> fhe;jp ghHf; Mfpa ,lq;fs; Fk;gNfhzj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.

    Fk;gNfhzk; ngupa njU> fyfyg;ghdjhf> gugug;ghdjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;w epiyapy; (NkhfKs;>g.11) mjw;F vjpHkhwhfj; Jf;fhk;ghisaj; njUNth> ntwpr;Nrhbf; fplg;gjhfj; jp.[h.> $Wfpfd;whH. (NkhfKs;>g.45)

    Fk;gNfhzk; gr;irag;gd; Fsj;jUNf tpahof; fpoikfspy; fUl juprdk; nra;a kf;fs; $Lfpd;w nra;jp NkhfKs;spy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. (NkhfKs;> g.122). Fk;gNfhzk;> jQ;rhT+H jtpHj;j> rpWrpW fpuhkq;fspy; rhjpg; ngaHfNs njUg; ngaHfshf ,Ue;j ghq;F Gjpdq;fspy; $wg;ngw;Ws;sJ.

Ntshsj; njU> fs;sj; njU> tisaH njU> Nrup> mf;ufhuk;> rhypaj; njU> ijf;fhy; njU> nfhbf;fhy; njU> ghy N[h];aH njU> vdj; njUg; ngaHfs; Rl;lg;ngw;Ws;sd. (kug;gR>g.17) NkYk; thzf;fhuj; njU> tz;bf;fhuj; njU> JYf;fj; njU vd rhjpg; ngaHfSk;> kl tpshfj; njU> Mw;Wg; Nghf;Fj; njU> Nkl;Lj; njU vdr; rpy fhuzg; ngaHfSk; (esghfk;>177>270) ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

            “nrk;gUj;jp” Gjpdj;jpy; nrk;khD}upd; tPjpaikg;G jp.[hdfpuhkdhy; jpwk;gl tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

        “mLj;j njUjhd; filtPjp….me;j  tPjpapd; ePsk; fpl;ljl;l xd;wiu iky;…… mfykhf ,Ue;jJ. njU…. ,lJ rhup tPl;bypUe;J vjpHr;rhup tPl;Lj; jpz;izapy; ,Ug;gtiuf; $g;gplf; fOj;Jg; Gilf;ff; fj;j Ntz;Lk;…. ,e;j mfyk; tPjpapd; xd;wiu iky; ePsk; Kbfpd;w tiuapy; Fiwahky;; nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jJ…. me;j miu iky; J}uj;ijAk; mj;jid mfyj;ijAk; milj;Jf; filf;fhuHfs; caukhfg; ge;jy; Nghl;bUg;ghHfs;……..” (nrk;gUj;jp> gf;.120-121)

    ,Nj Gjpdj;jpy; ngupa Nfhapy; vdg;gLfpd;w rz;gftNdrH Nfhapy; mikg;Gk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

    “Nfhapy; ngupa Nfhapy; jhd;. Mrhu thry; Ntuhntd;W mfyKk; tpryhyKkhf> rHNtr;tudpd; jpUthNa jpwe;jhw; Nghy epw;fpd;wJ. ,uz;L gf;fKk; fUq;fy;yhy; Md tprhykhd ghuprq;fd;”

    NkYk; capHj; Njd;> esghfk;> mk;khte;jhs;> kug;gR> kyH kQ;rk; Mfpa Gjpdq;fspy; ngaH Rl;lg; ngwhj> rptd; Nfhapy;fs; ngUkhs; Nfhapy;fs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. nkhj;jj;jpy; Nfhapy; ,y;yh Cupy; FbapUf;f Ntz;lh vd;Dk; gonkhopf;Nfw;g> jp.[h.> tpd; gilg;Gfspy;> Nfhapypy;yhg; Gjpdq;fNs ,y;iynadyhk;.

Fk;gNfhzf; Nfhapy;fs;:

    rk;ge;jH> ehTf;furH Mfpa ehad;khHfshy; ghlg;ngw;w goikahd efuk; Fk;gNfhzk; MFk;. ,t;T+iu Njthuk;> Fl%f;F> Fle;ij> fPo;f;Nfhl;lk; vd;nwy;yhk; miof;fpd;wJ. NkhfKs;> esghfk;> kug;gR Mfpa Gjpdq;fspy; ,t;T+H Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. vd;w NghjpYk;> NkhfKs; jhd; Fk;gNfhzf; fhtpupapd; tsikiaAk;> GOjpapd; kzj;jijAk; xUq;Fwg; gjpT nra;jpUf;fpd;wJ. Fk;gNfhzj;jpYs;s Gfo;ngw;wf; Nfhapy;fshd Fk;gNgr;Rrd; Nfhapy; (NkhfKs;>g.70) ,uhkrhkpf; Nfhapy; (NkhfKs;>g.7) Mfpa Nfhapy;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. ehNfr;Rud; Nfhapy; cw;rt ehl;fspy; $l Vio tPl;Lf; fy;ahzk; Nghy ntwpr;;Nrhbf; fplg;gjhfj; jp.[h. $Wfpd;whH. Fk;gNfhzj;jpYs;s Nfhapy;fspy; ,f;NfhapNy kpfTk; njhd;ikahdjhFk;

    FlKUl;bahW> fhtpupahW> murthW Mfpa Mw;Wg; ghrdq;fs; jQ;ir Ntshz;ikf;Ff; if nfhL;g;jhfj; jp.[h.> NkhfKs;(g.60) Gjpdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. mtw;Ws; muryhw;wq;fiuapy; ghly; ngw;w jpUg;ngUe;Jiw mike;Js;sJ. Fk;gNfhzj;jpy; ,g;nghOJ jpUg;ge;Jiwnad toq;Fk; gjpNa jpUg;ngUe;JiwahFk;. ,j;Jiwapy; mike;Js;sJ jQ;ir khtl;lj;jpd; fiyf; $lkhf tpsq;Ffpd;w jhuhRuk; MFk;. ,J Fk;gNfhzj;jpypUe;J 5fp.kP. njhiytpy; cs;sJ. “esghfk;” Gjpdj;jpy; fhNkr;Rtud; Fk;gNfhzj;jpypUe;J ey;Y}H nry;fpw topapy; NgUe;jpy; ,Ue;jthNw murpyhw;wq;fiuapy; mike;j jhuhRuj;jijf; fhZk; epfo;T (esghfk;>g.150) ,jid cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. jhuhRuk; NrhoH fhy kur; rpw;gq;fs; epiwe;j gFjpahFk;. jhuRuj;jij “rpw;gf; fiyfspd; $lk;” vd;wiiof;fpwhHfs;.

tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gfs;:

    jp.[h.> tuyhw;whrpupauhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; CHg; ngaHfs;> ,lq;fs; Mfpait gw;wpa tuyhw;W uPjpahd Fwpg;Gfisj; jk; Gjpdq;fspy; ,lk; ngwr; nra;atpy;iy. CH> jy tuyhW Fwpj;j re;Njfq;fisr; rpy rkak; thrfHfspilNa tpl;L tpLfpd;whH. “ esghfk;” Gjpdj;jpy; tUfpd;w kfhjhd mf;ufhuj;jij jhdkhf mspj;jJ Nrhouh> ehaf;fuh> kuhl;bauh vd;Wk;> jhdk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ Ntj; XJNthuh> Ntjhejpfsh> mur cj;jpNahf];jHfNsh vd;W Nfs;tp vOg;Gfpd;whH>(esghfk;.g.177)

    NkYk; “kyH kQ;rk;” Gjpdj;jpy; NrhoH fhyj;jpy; jQ;ir ntUTilahH NfhapYf;Fj; njw;Nf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; (kyH kQ;rk;>g.583) vd;fpwhH. CUf;Fj; njw;Fg; Gwj;jpy; Nfhapy; fl;Lfpd;w tof;fk; ,y;iy. jQ;irf; Nfhay; CUf;Fj; njw;Fg; Gwj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhdhy;> NrhoH fhyj;Jj; jQ;rhT+H NfhapYf;Fj; njw;Nf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhH. ,t;thnwy;yhk; $Wk; mtH mjw;fhd Mjhuq;fidNah> tuyhw;Wr; rhd;WfisNah Rl;br; nrhy;ytpy;iy.

          “capHj;Njd;” Gjpdj;jpy; “MWfl;b” vd;w Cupd; ngaHf; fhuzk; jp.[h.> thy; tpsf;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ. “MWfl;b” jw;Nghija rptfq;if khtl;lj;jpy; cs;sJ. Mdhy;> jp.[h.> fhyj;jpy; ,J jQ;ir  khtl;lf; fpuhkq;fspy; xd;W.

    fhkk;> Nfhgk;> Nyhgk;> ngha;> fsT> nfhiy vd;Dk; MW ngupa ghtq;fs; kdpjdplk; cz;L. ,e;j MiwAk; mlf;fpf; fl;bd CH vd;gjhy; mg;ngaH mike;jjhfj; jp.[h.> $Wfpd;whH. (capHj;Njd;>g.188)

epiwTiu:

    “[hdfpuhkdpd; cyfk; ePpupdhy; MdJ. ePHikiaj; Njb mtHjk; vOj;Jg; gazj;ijj; njhlHe;jhH. mfj;jpYk;> Gwj;;jpYk; mtH rjh ePiuj; Njbagb ,Ue;jjhH” vd;fpwhH gpugQ;rd;. jQ;ir kUj epy Mw;Wr; rkntspfspd; NkhdKk;> moFk; kdpjH kdj;jpy; Ropj;J Xbf; nfhz;bUf;fpw epk;kjpapd;ikiaAk; Fog;gq;fisAk; jPHj;J itg;gjhf mtH fUjpdhH. mjidNa mtH jk; gilg;GfspYk; gjpT nra;jhH. 

ed;wp.
nrs.];nly;yhG~;gh