jp.[hdfpuhkd; Gjpdq;fspy; jQ;ir
Kd;Diu:
“vdJ CiuAk; vd; kf;fisAk; ehd; kpfTk; Nerpf;fpNwd;. ehd; gpwe;J tpOe;jJ ,e;j kz;zpd; Nky; jhd;. ehd; jto;e;J tpisahb kfpo;e;jJk;> tpOe;J Guz;L mOjJk;> ,e;j kz;zpd; kbapy; jhd;. ,e;jg; GOjpia ehd; jiyapy; thup ,iwj;J Mde;jk; gl;bUf;fpNwd;. ,e;jf; fupry; kz;iz ehd; Urpj;Jj; jpd;wjw;F vj;jid Kiw vd; ngw;Nwhuplk; mb thq;fpapUf;Nfd;. ,d;iwf;Fk; njtpl;ltpy;iy ,e;j kz;” (fijfSk; fijg;ghly;fSk;> kzpkhwd; > ghujp Gj;jfhyak;> nrd;id – 18> gf;.21-22) vd;fpwhH vOj;jhsH fp.uh[ ehuhazd;. ve;j xU gilg;ghsUk;> mtH CH jhz;b> efuk; jhz;b> nkhop> ,dk; jhz;b> ehL jhz;b Gyk; ngaHe;jpUe;jhYk;> mtUf;Fj; jd; nrhe;j Cupd; kzKk;> FzKk; kiwe;J NghfhJ. nrhy;yg; Nghdhy;> mtHfspd; kdj;jpd; mbahoj;jpy; Gije;jpUf;Fk; mtHfSila nrhe;j CH gw;wpa epidTfs; jhk; gilg;GfspYk; ntspg;gLk;. me;j tifapy;> jp.[hdfpuhkdpd; Gjpdq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; jQ;ir khtl;l CHg; ngaHfisAk;> mtw;wpd; rpwg;GfisAk; gw;wp Ma;tNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.
[hdfpuhkdpd; CHg;gw;W:
jpahfuh[ rh];jpup [hdfpuhkd; vd;fpw jp.[hdfpuhkd; jQ;ir khtl;lk;> kd;dhH Fb mUfpYs;s Njtq;Fbapy; 1921 – Mk; Mz;L #d; khjk; 28 Mk; ehs; gpwe;jhH. jp.[h.> gpwe;jJ Njtq;Fb vd;whYk;> mq;F mtUila tho;f;if MW khjq;fs; kl;LNk ePbj;jJ. gpd;dH mtuJ ,sk; taJ tho;f;if mq;Fkpq;Fkhf khwp ,Wjpahf> fPohtplq;fypy; epiy ngw;wJ. ,jidj; jp.[h.> nrhw;fshNyNa mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.
“vd;Ndhl fpuhkk; jhd; ehd; gpwe;j CH. kd;dhHFbf;Fg; gf;fk; Njtq;Fbd;D xU CH. Mdhy; MW khrk; jhd; mq;Nf ,Ue;Njd;….. mJf;fg;Gwk; Fk;gNfhzk; te;Njhk;. mg;Gwk; mq;fpUe;J jQ;rhT+H NghNdhk;. Fk;gNfhzj;Jf;Fg; gf;fj;Jy ,d;ndhU fpuhkk; - Flthry; fpl;lf;f. tyq;ifkhDf;Fk; mJf;Fk; eLtpy> mq;Nf jhd; vq;fSf;Fg; gpw;ghL FbNaWk; gbah Mr;R” (nrhy;tdk; ,jo;>24.5.2011)
vd;W jp.[h Fwpg;gpLtjpdpd;W jQ;ir khtl;lf; fpuhkk; gFjpfspNyNa mtUila ,sk; taJ tho;f;if njhlq;fpajid mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. jp.[htpd; njhlf;ff; fy;tp mtuJ FLk;gk; jQ;irf;F te;j NghJ njhlq;fpaJ. caHepiyg; gs;spg; gbg;G jQ;rhT+upYk;> fPohtplq;fypYk; ePbj;jJ. ,sk;gUt tho;f;ifr; #oYk;> ,lr; #oYk; kdpjHf;s kdj;jpy; Mo;e;j jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jnkd;w fhuzj;jhy;; jd;Dila Gjpdq;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikAk; jQ;ir khtl;lf; fpuhkg; gFjpfisNa gpd;dzpahf mikj;jpUf;fpd;whH. “capHj;Njd;” Gjpdj;jpy; Xuplj;jpy; mjd; fij khe;juhd G+tuhtd;>
“vdf;F ,g;g Fsk;> tay;>kuk;> Gy;Y> kz;Z - ,njy;yhk; jhd; Cuhg; gLJ. vq;f mg;ghTk; mk;khTk; tsHe;j CU ,J…. xU ehisf;fhtJ ,e;j Ciug; gj;jp nrhy;yhk ,Uf;f khl;lhq;f mg;gh….. ,e;jf; Fsk;> Mj;jq;fiu> Xq;fhsp rj;jpuk;> cwTf;fhuq;f – vy;yhj;ijAk; gj;jp xU gj;J epkp\k; Ngrhj Nghdh mtUf;Fj; J}f;fk; tuhNjh – rgjk; jhd; vLj;Jf;fpl;lhNuh – tha; Xahk nrhy;ypapUf;fhq;f” (capHj; Njd;>g.39) vd;W $Wfpd;whH.
fij khe;jH $w;whf ,J mike;Js;s NghjpYk;> jp.[h.>tpd; CHg; gw;Wk;> kd Vf;fKNk ,q;F thHj;ijfshf tbtike;jpUg;gij mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.
jQ;rhT+H – ngaHf;fhuzk;:
jQ;rhiw (Miw – muz;) jQ;rk; mile;jtHfSf;F muzhf tpsq;FtJ vd;Dk; nghUspy; mike;Js;sJ. jQ;ir khtl;lg; gFjp ePH tsKk; epy tsKk; kpFe;J vg;nghOJk; FspHr;rpahd gFjpahff; fhzg;gl;l fhuzj;jhy; jz; + nra; = jQ;ir vd kUtp te;jpUf;fyhk; vd;Wk; $w Kbfpd;wJ.
jQ;irAk; jp.[hTk;:
jQ;ir khtl;lk; rq;f fhyj;jpy; tsq;nfhopf;Fk; kUj epykhf kl;LNk ,Ue;J te;jJ. rq;f fhyr; Nrho kd;dHfspilNa murpay; uPjpahd rpwg;igj; jQ;ir ngwtpy;iy. mtHfsidtUk; ciwA+iuNa jiyefuhff; nfhz;L Nrho kz;lyj;ij Mz;L te;jdH. ,e;j Kw;fhyr; NrhoHfspd; Nguurhl;rp Kj;jiuaHfspd; tuthy; KbTf;F te;jJ. Kj;jiuaHfspd; fPo; NrhoHfs; rpw;wurHfshf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy;> jQ;irapd; tsk; fz;L mjidj jiyefuhff; nfhz;L Kj;jiuaHfs; Msj; njhlq;fpdH. Kj;jiuaHfis ntd;W gpw;fhyr; Nrhouhl;rp tp[ayadhy; jiynaLj;j nghOj Nrho kz;lyj;jpw;fhd khngUk; jiyefuhfj; jQ;ir khwpaJ. mjd; gpwF ehD}W Mz;Lfl;Fk; Nkyhfj; jQ;ir Nrhoj; jiyikaplkhf tpsq;fpr; rpwg;Gw;wJ. NrhoHfSf;Fg; gpd;dH ghz;baHfs;> gpd;dH ehaf;fHfs;> kuhl;baHfs; vd;W fp.gp.1600 tiu jQ;ir ifkhwpaJ. ruNgh[p fhyj;jpy; Mq;fpNyaH iffSf;Fs; jQ;ir rpiw nfhz;lJ. jp.[h.> mq;F tho;e;J 1920 – f;Fk;> 50 fSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; mq;F nts;isauhl;rp jhd; eilngw;wJ. MdhYk;> tskpf;f kUj epykhf> gioa NrhWile;j Nrho kz;lykhf mg;gbNa jhd; ,Ue;J te;jJ. jQ;irnad;whNy jp.[hTf;F mq;F XLfpw fhtpupAk;> mjd; gw;gy Mw;wq;fiufSk;> Mw;wq;fiuapyike;j Nfhapy;fSNk epidtpw;F te;jd.
Gjpdq;fs; | CH | Mw;wq;fiufs; | Nfhapy;fs; |
nrk;gUj;jp | nrk;gD}H | - | rz;gftNdrH Nfhapy;> mk;ikag;gd; Nfhapy;. |
NkhfKs; | ghgehrk; (fpsp kq;fyk;) | FlKUl;b ahw;wq;fiu murpyhw;wq;fiu | Mw;wq;fiur; rptd; Nfhapy;> ,uhkrhkp Nfhapy;> Fk;Ngr;Rud; Nfhapy;> ehNfr;tud; Nfhapy;. |
mk;kh te;jhs; | rpj;jd; Fsk; | fhNtup ahw;wq;fiu | fhNtupf; fiuf; Nfhapy;> ngUkhs; Nfhapy;> rptd; Nfhapy;. |
kyH kQ;rk; | uh[q;fhL jQ;rhT+H | - | itj;jP];tud; Nfhapy;> ngUTilahH Nfhapy;. |
capHj; Njd; | MWfl;b | fhNtupahw;wq;fiu | ngUkhs; Nfhapy;> gplhup Nfhapy;. |
esghfk; | ey;Y}H | murpyhw;wq;fiu fhtpupahw;wq;fiu | jhuhRuk;> rptd; Nfhapy;> ngUkhs; Nfhapy;. |
kug;gR | md;dthry; | - | khupak;kd; Nfhapy;> rptd; Nfhapy; |
,it jtpu Ntjf;Fb> khatuk;> ee;j kq;fyk;> Kdpaq;fhL> kd;dhH Fb> eurpq;fGuk;> ,f;fhb> kQ;rf;Fb> nfhulhr;Nrup> Fj;jhyk;> ed;dpyk;> khj;J}H> flk;gq;Fb> kJf;Fb Mfpa CHfSk;> nfhs;splk; Mw;Wg;gFjpAk;> tpr;tehjH NfhapYk; Gjpdq;fspy; ngaustpy; Mq;fhq;F te;J Nghfpd;wd.
CHfSk; njUg; ngaHfSk;:
[hdfpuhkd; Gjpdq;fspy; gpd;dzpahf CHfs; kl;Lky;yhJ mt;T+HfspYs;s njUf;fs;> filtPjpfs;> mtw;wpd; mikg;G MfpadTk; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Fk;gNfhzk; ngupa njU> Jf;fhk;ghisaj; njU> flyq;Fbj; njU> jpUkQ;rd tPjp> rpj;jpuf;Fsk;> kfhkff; Fsk;> gr;irag;gd; Fsk;> fhe;jp ghHf; Mfpa ,lq;fs; Fk;gNfhzj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.
Fk;gNfhzk; ngupa njU> fyfyg;ghdjhf> gugug;ghdjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;w epiyapy; (NkhfKs;>g.11) mjw;F vjpHkhwhfj; Jf;fhk;ghisaj; njUNth> ntwpr;Nrhbf; fplg;gjhfj; jp.[h.> $Wfpfd;whH. (NkhfKs;>g.45)
Fk;gNfhzk; gr;irag;gd; Fsj;jUNf tpahof; fpoikfspy; fUl juprdk; nra;a kf;fs; $Lfpd;w nra;jp NkhfKs;spy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. (NkhfKs;> g.122). Fk;gNfhzk;> jQ;rhT+H jtpHj;j> rpWrpW fpuhkq;fspy; rhjpg; ngaHfNs njUg; ngaHfshf ,Ue;j ghq;F Gjpdq;fspy; $wg;ngw;Ws;sJ.
Ntshsj; njU> fs;sj; njU> tisaH njU> Nrup> mf;ufhuk;> rhypaj; njU> ijf;fhy; njU> nfhbf;fhy; njU> ghy N[h];aH njU> vdj; njUg; ngaHfs; Rl;lg;ngw;Ws;sd. (kug;gR>g.17) NkYk; thzf;fhuj; njU> tz;bf;fhuj; njU> JYf;fj; njU vd rhjpg; ngaHfSk;> kl tpshfj; njU> Mw;Wg; Nghf;Fj; njU> Nkl;Lj; njU vdr; rpy fhuzg; ngaHfSk; (esghfk;>177>270) ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
“nrk;gUj;jp” Gjpdj;jpy; nrk;khD}upd; tPjpaikg;G jp.[hdfpuhkdhy; jpwk;gl tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
“mLj;j njUjhd; filtPjp….me;j tPjpapd; ePsk; fpl;ljl;l xd;wiu iky;…… mfykhf ,Ue;jJ. njU…. ,lJ rhup tPl;bypUe;J vjpHr;rhup tPl;Lj; jpz;izapy; ,Ug;gtiuf; $g;gplf; fOj;Jg; Gilf;ff; fj;j Ntz;Lk;…. ,e;j mfyk; tPjpapd; xd;wiu iky; ePsk; Kbfpd;w tiuapy; Fiwahky;; nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jJ…. me;j miu iky; J}uj;ijAk; mj;jid mfyj;ijAk; milj;Jf; filf;fhuHfs; caukhfg; ge;jy; Nghl;bUg;ghHfs;……..” (nrk;gUj;jp> gf;.120-121)
,Nj Gjpdj;jpy; ngupa Nfhapy; vdg;gLfpd;w rz;gftNdrH Nfhapy; mikg;Gk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
“Nfhapy; ngupa Nfhapy; jhd;. Mrhu thry; Ntuhntd;W mfyKk; tpryhyKkhf> rHNtr;tudpd; jpUthNa jpwe;jhw; Nghy epw;fpd;wJ. ,uz;L gf;fKk; fUq;fy;yhy; Md tprhykhd ghuprq;fd;”
NkYk; capHj; Njd;> esghfk;> mk;khte;jhs;> kug;gR> kyH kQ;rk; Mfpa Gjpdq;fspy; ngaH Rl;lg; ngwhj> rptd; Nfhapy;fs; ngUkhs; Nfhapy;fs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. nkhj;jj;jpy; Nfhapy; ,y;yh Cupy; FbapUf;f Ntz;lh vd;Dk; gonkhopf;Nfw;g> jp.[h.> tpd; gilg;Gfspy;> Nfhapypy;yhg; Gjpdq;fNs ,y;iynadyhk;.
Fk;gNfhzf; Nfhapy;fs;:
rk;ge;jH> ehTf;furH Mfpa ehad;khHfshy; ghlg;ngw;w goikahd efuk; Fk;gNfhzk; MFk;. ,t;T+iu Njthuk;> Fl%f;F> Fle;ij> fPo;f;Nfhl;lk; vd;nwy;yhk; miof;fpd;wJ. NkhfKs;> esghfk;> kug;gR Mfpa Gjpdq;fspy; ,t;T+H Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. vd;w NghjpYk;> NkhfKs; jhd; Fk;gNfhzf; fhtpupapd; tsikiaAk;> GOjpapd; kzj;jijAk; xUq;Fwg; gjpT nra;jpUf;fpd;wJ. Fk;gNfhzj;jpYs;s Gfo;ngw;wf; Nfhapy;fshd Fk;gNgr;Rrd; Nfhapy; (NkhfKs;>g.70) ,uhkrhkpf; Nfhapy; (NkhfKs;>g.7) Mfpa Nfhapy;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. ehNfr;Rud; Nfhapy; cw;rt ehl;fspy; $l Vio tPl;Lf; fy;ahzk; Nghy ntwpr;;Nrhbf; fplg;gjhfj; jp.[h. $Wfpd;whH. Fk;gNfhzj;jpYs;s Nfhapy;fspy; ,f;NfhapNy kpfTk; njhd;ikahdjhFk;
FlKUl;bahW> fhtpupahW> murthW Mfpa Mw;Wg; ghrdq;fs; jQ;ir Ntshz;ikf;Ff; if nfhL;g;jhfj; jp.[h.> NkhfKs;(g.60) Gjpdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. mtw;Ws; muryhw;wq;fiuapy; ghly; ngw;w jpUg;ngUe;Jiw mike;Js;sJ. Fk;gNfhzj;jpy; ,g;nghOJ jpUg;ge;Jiwnad toq;Fk; gjpNa jpUg;ngUe;JiwahFk;. ,j;Jiwapy; mike;Js;sJ jQ;ir khtl;lj;jpd; fiyf; $lkhf tpsq;Ffpd;w jhuhRuk; MFk;. ,J Fk;gNfhzj;jpypUe;J 5fp.kP. njhiytpy; cs;sJ. “esghfk;” Gjpdj;jpy; fhNkr;Rtud; Fk;gNfhzj;jpypUe;J ey;Y}H nry;fpw topapy; NgUe;jpy; ,Ue;jthNw murpyhw;wq;fiuapy; mike;j jhuhRuj;jijf; fhZk; epfo;T (esghfk;>g.150) ,jid cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. jhuhRuk; NrhoH fhy kur; rpw;gq;fs; epiwe;j gFjpahFk;. jhuRuj;jij “rpw;gf; fiyfspd; $lk;” vd;wiiof;fpwhHfs;.
tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gfs;:
jp.[h.> tuyhw;whrpupauhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; CHg; ngaHfs;> ,lq;fs; Mfpait gw;wpa tuyhw;W uPjpahd Fwpg;Gfisj; jk; Gjpdq;fspy; ,lk; ngwr; nra;atpy;iy. CH> jy tuyhW Fwpj;j re;Njfq;fisr; rpy rkak; thrfHfspilNa tpl;L tpLfpd;whH. “ esghfk;” Gjpdj;jpy; tUfpd;w kfhjhd mf;ufhuj;jij jhdkhf mspj;jJ Nrhouh> ehaf;fuh> kuhl;bauh vd;Wk;> jhdk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ Ntj; XJNthuh> Ntjhejpfsh> mur cj;jpNahf];jHfNsh vd;W Nfs;tp vOg;Gfpd;whH>(esghfk;.g.177)
NkYk; “kyH kQ;rk;” Gjpdj;jpy; NrhoH fhyj;jpy; jQ;ir ntUTilahH NfhapYf;Fj; njw;Nf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; (kyH kQ;rk;>g.583) vd;fpwhH. CUf;Fj; njw;Fg; Gwj;jpy; Nfhapy; fl;Lfpd;w tof;fk; ,y;iy. jQ;irf; Nfhay; CUf;Fj; njw;Fg; Gwj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhdhy;> NrhoH fhyj;Jj; jQ;rhT+H NfhapYf;Fj; njw;Nf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhH. ,t;thnwy;yhk; $Wk; mtH mjw;fhd Mjhuq;fidNah> tuyhw;Wr; rhd;WfisNah Rl;br; nrhy;ytpy;iy.
“capHj;Njd;” Gjpdj;jpy; “MWfl;b” vd;w Cupd; ngaHf; fhuzk; jp.[h.> thy; tpsf;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ. “MWfl;b” jw;Nghija rptfq;if khtl;lj;jpy; cs;sJ. Mdhy;> jp.[h.> fhyj;jpy; ,J jQ;ir khtl;lf; fpuhkq;fspy; xd;W.
fhkk;> Nfhgk;> Nyhgk;> ngha;> fsT> nfhiy vd;Dk; MW ngupa ghtq;fs; kdpjdplk; cz;L. ,e;j MiwAk; mlf;fpf; fl;bd CH vd;gjhy; mg;ngaH mike;jjhfj; jp.[h.> $Wfpd;whH. (capHj;Njd;>g.188)
epiwTiu:
ed;wp.
nrs.];nly;yhG~;gh
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