பாரதிதாசன் கவிதைகளில் பெரியாரின் பெண்ணுரிமை

ghujpjhrd; ftpijfspy; nghpahhpd; ngz;Zhpik

                       

    ngz;zbik kba Ntz;Lnkd;why; ngz;fs; jq;fs; jq;fspd; chpikf;fhfg; Nghuhl Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;.  jkpofj;jpy; ,jw;F topfhl;bahf tpsq;fpatHfSs; rpwg;ghfr; Rl;lj;jf;ftH nghpahH <.Nt. ,uhkrhkp MthH.  ngz;Zhpikfs; gw;wpg; gFj;jwpTg; gfytd; je;ij nghpahH rpe;jpj;j mstpw;F cyfpy; NtW gFj;jpwthsHfs; rpe;jpj;jJ fpilahJ vdf; $wyhk;.  xg;ghUk; kpf;fhUk; ,y;yhj gFj;jwpthsuhd nghpahH jhd; XH Mzhfg; gpwe;j epiyapYk; xU gf;fkhf epy;yhJ nghJthd khdpl Nea Nehf;NfhL mwpT> tsHr;rp> khdplr; rpwg;Gg; gw;wp kl;LNk rpe;jpj;jjhy; ngz;Zf;Fk; vy;yh chpikfSk; cz;L vd;w fUj;ij mtuhy; Kd;itj;J typAWj;j ,ad;wJ.  ngz;fs; epiy Kd;Ndw;wk; mile;jhy;jhd; xU ehL cz;ikahd tpLjiy ngw;wjhff; fUj KbAk; vd vz;zpdhH.  ,e;j cz;ikahd tpLjiyiaf; fhz tpUk;gp mjw;fhfj; jd; tho;ehspd; filrp fhyk; tiu ghLgl;ltH nghpahH <.Nt. ,uhkrhkp MthH.  ngz;Zf;F chpa chpikfs; vit> mtw;iwg; ngWk; topfs; vit vd;gdtw;iw tpsf;fpatH nghpahH MthH.  me;jifathpd; ngz;Zhpikr; rpe;jidfs; vq;qdk; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfspy; nghjpe;Js;sJ vd;gjid ,f;fl;Liu Muha;fpd;wJ.

nghpahhpd; eLepiyg; ngz;zpak;

    top topahfg; ngz;fspd; mbikepiyf;Fr; rKjha mikg;G eilKiwfNs fhuzk; vd;gjidr; rpe;jpj;J czHe;j nghpahH nfhjpj;J vOe;jhH.  ,jw;F xU jPHT fhz vz;zpdhH.  ve;jtpj czHr;rpf;Fk; ,lq;nfhlhJ mwptpay; Kiwapy;> eLepiyahd Kiwapy;> Mf;fg;G+Htkhd epiyapy; ngz;zbik epiyf;F chpa fhuzq;fis Muha;e;jhH.  jhk; rpe;jpj;J czHe;j cz;ikfis ehnlq;Fk; gy nghJf; $l;lq;fis mikj;Jg; NgrpdhH.  ngz;fspd; chpikia epiy ehl;LtNj jd;Dila Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;gijg; NgrpAk; ,jw;nfd VLfs; elj;jpg; gy khehLfs; elj;jpAk; xU Nghpaf;fj;ijj; jdJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; elj;jpdhH.  mt;tifapy;> “Mzpd; eyj;Jf;Fg; gad;gLtjw;Fk;> Mzpd; jpUg;jpf;Fk; Mzpd; ngUikf;Fk; ngz; XH cgfUtp vd;gjy;yhky; NtW vd;d?  XH MZf;F xU rikay;fhhp@ XH Mzpd; FLk;gg; ngUf;Ff;F xU gps;is tpistpf;Fk; gz;iz@ XH Mzpd; fz; mofpw;Fk;> kdg; Gsfhq;fpjw;Fk; XH mofpa myq;fhpf;fg; ngw;w nghk;ik vd;gjy;yhky; ngz;fs; nghpJk; vjw;Fg; gad;gLfpwhHfs;?  gad;gLj;jg; ngWfpwhHfs;?  ,J vd;d epahak;?  kdpj rKjhak; jtpu kw;wgb kpUfk;> gl;rp> G+r;rp> [e;J Kjypaitfspy; NtW ve;j [PtdhtJ Mz;fSf;fhfNt ,Uf;fpNwhk; ehk; vd;w fUj;Jld;> elj;ijAld; ,Uf;fpwjh?” (nghpahH <.Nt.uh. rpe;jidfs;> g. 127) vdg; nghpahH ngz;fs; epiy gw;wp tpQ;Qhd Kiwapy; tpsf;fkhff; $wpdhH.  MizAk; ngz;izAk; rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;b ,jd;%yk; ngz; vd;gts; rKjhaj;jpy; ve;j epiyapy; fUjg; ngWfpd;whs; vd;gijg; ngz;fs; Kjypy; czu Ntz;Lk;.  Mz;fs; ,jw;F xU fhuzkhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;gijj; jkpo;r; rKjhaj;jpw;F czHj;jpg; ngz;fspd; cz;ikahd tpLjiyf;F tpj;jpl;lhH.

ngz;Zhpikf;fhd tpopg;GzHT

    ngz;fs; Mz;fSf;F epfuhd chpikiag; ngwNtz;Lnkd;why; mtHfSf;F tpopg;GzHT kpfTk; mtrpakhFk;.  ngz;fs; jhk; ngWfpd;w chpikfSf;Fr; rpy Neuq;fspy; jhq;fNs vjphpfshf khwptpLfpd;wdH.  ,j;jifa epiyf;Ff; fhuzk; fhyq;fhykhfg; ngz;fs; mbikfshf elj;jg; ngw;W te;jNjahFk;.  me;j mbikj;jdk; mtHfsJ kdj;jpy; Mog; gjpe;J jq;fisj; jhq;fNs jho;j;jpf; nfhs;Sk; epiyf;F Ml;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldH.  ,e;epiy Kjypy; khwNtz;Lk;.  Mjyhy; ngz;fSf;Fr; rKjha tpopg;GzHT kpfTk; Kf;fpak; vd vz;zpdhH.  jhq;fSk; rKjhaj;jpy; XH mq;fj;jpdHjhk;> rKjhak; cauj; jq;fsJ epiyAk; cau Ntz;Lk; vd;W xt;nthU ngz;Zk; czHe;J me;epiyf;Fj; jhq;fs; caug; ghLgl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijg; nghpahH vLj;Jiuj;jhH.

        “jpj;jpf;fg; gok; jpd;df; nfhLg;ghH

         kJug; gUg;G toq;FthH cdf;F

          nghd;Nd kzpNa vd;Widg; Gfo;thH

                 (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;> njhFjp-2> g. 180)

vd;w ghly; %yk; $z;by; milf;fg;ngWk; fpspfs; epiyiag; Nghy; ngz;fs; Mzpdj;jhy; caHj;jg;gLtJ Nghy; Njhd;wpdhYk; cz;ikapy; mbik nfhs;Sk; epiyNa mikfpwJ vd tpsf;Ffpd;whH nghpahH nfhs;iffisg; ghLk; ghujpjhrd;.  Mjyhy; jk;ik mbikg;gLj;jpAs;s Mz; ,dk;> jhdhfNt Kd; te;J ngz;fSf;F tpLjiy toq;Fk; vd;W vjpHghHf;f ,ayhJ@ vjpHghHf;fTk; $lhJ@ mbikg;gLj;jpa ,dk; mbikapd; ,d tpLjiyf;Fg; ghLgl Kd; tuNt tuhJ@ mt;thW  Kd; te;jhYk; mJ ,aw;iff;F KuzhdJ.  mt;thNw ghLgl;lhYk; NtWtifapy; mbikj; jisia ,WfplNt nra;Ak; #o;r;rpahfj;jhd; mJ mike;J epw;Fk;.  Mjyhy;jhd; jd; mbikj; jisia Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;sg; ngz;zpdk; jhNd Kd;tu Ntz;Lk; vd mwpTWj;jpdhH nghpahH <.Nt. ,uhkrhkp. (nghpahH <.Nt.uh. rpe;jidfs;> g. 163)

ngz;Zf;F Ntz;ba chpikfs;

    ngz;fs; cz;ikahd Rje;jpuj;NjhL tho Ntz;Lkhdhy; ngw;Nwhhpd; nrhj;jpy; rNfhjuHfSf;F epfuhd rkchpik> jd; tho;f;ifj; Jiziaj; jhNd NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpik> fztd; rhpapy;yhjNghJ mtid tpl;L tpyfpf; nfhs;Sk; chpik> fztd; ,we;jgpd; kWkzk; nra;Jnfhs;Sk; chpik> ghy;a tpthfj;ij kWf;Fk; chpik> vOj;Jhpik> fztDf;F epfuhd chpikfs; Nghd;wit ngz;fSf;F mspf;fg;ngw Ntz;Lk;.  ,j;jifa chpikfs; ngz;fSf;Ff; nfhLf;fg; ngWk;NghJ ngz;fshy; FLk;gj;jpYk; rKjhaj;jpYk; epkpHe;J epw;f ,aYk;.  jhd; mbik vd;w vz;zk; mtHfsJ cs;sj;jpypUe;J NtnuhL gpLq;fp vwpag;gLk; vd;gtw;iwNa nghpahH tho;ehnsy;yhk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;yp te;jhH.  ,j;jifa fUj;Jf;fis ,tUf;F Kd;Nd ,JNghy; tphpthfTk; Mzpj;jukhfTk; kdpj ,dj;ij Kd;epWj;jp eLepiyahfTk; rpe;jpj;Jf; $wpatHfs; ahUk; ,y;iy vdf; $wyhk;>

ngz;zbik kz;zbikf;Fr; rkk;

    nghpahH jd; ,af;fj;ij elj;j Muk;gpj;j fhyfl;lk; ,e;jpah tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;   nghpahUk; mt;tpLjiy ,af;fj;jpy; Kd;epd;W nray;gl;ltNj MthH.  ,e;jpah tpLjiy ngw;why; ,e;jpag; nghUshjhuKk; ,e;jpar; rKjhaj;jpd; gy njha;e;j $WfSk; cz;ikahd tpLjiyiag; gpd;dH ngw;WtpLk; vd;W nghJthf ek;gp ,tw;Wf;Fj; jilahf ,Ue;j Mq;fpy Ml;rpia mfw;Wtjpy; fhe;jp[p cs;spl;l Njrj;jiytHfs; MHtk; fhl;bdH.  Mdhy;> nghpahH Kjypy; ,NjNghy; vz;zpr; nray;gl;lhYk; ehsiltpy; ,e;jKiw ,e;jpahtpw;F cz;ikahd tpLjiyiag; ngw;Wj;juhJ.  rKjha tpLjiyNa cz;ikahd murpay;> nghUshjhu tpLjiyia ehl;L kf;fSf;Fg; ngw;Wj; jUk; vd vz;zpdhH.  Mjyhy;> fhq;fpuR ,af;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpj; jd; nfhs;iffis tpsf;fj; jdpahf Rakhpahij ,af;fj;ijAk;> gFj;jwpT ,af;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpdhH.  mr;rKjha tpLjiyapy; ngz;tpLjiyNa jiyikahdJ vd Kof;fkplTk; nra;jhH.

    kz;zbik jPu Ntz;Lnkdpy; mq;F ngz;zbik kz;NzhL kz;zhfpg; NghfNtz;Lk;.  rKjhak; vd;gJ MZk; ngz;Zk; ,ize;jNj MFk;.  rKjhaj;jpd; xUghjpahfpa ngz;zpdj;ij xJf;fptpl;L ,d;ndhU ghjpahd Mzpdk; kl;Lk; jdpj;J epd;W ,aq;fp rkr;rPuhd rKjhaj;ij cUthf;fNth elj;jNth KbahJ vd;gijj; njs;sj; njspthf vLj;Jf; fhl;bath nghpahH.  nrhw;nghopthf> fl;Liuahf ehl;by; vLj;Njhjpa nghpahhpd; ,f;fUj;Jf;fis cs;thq;fpa mthpd; re;jjp ghNte;jd; ghujpjhrd;> jdJ czHr;rpkpf;f ftpij thpfs; %yk; vLj;J ,ak;gpdhH.

         “ngz;Zf;Fg; Ngr;Rhpik Ntz;lhk; vd;fpd;wPNuh?

          kz;Zf;Fk; Nflha; kjpj;jPNuh ngz;zpdj;ij?

          ngz;zbik jPUkl;Lk; NgRe; jpUehl;L

          kz;zbik jPHe;JtUjy; Kaw;nfhk;Ng!

          Cik vd;W ngz;iz ciuf;F kl;Lk; cs;slq;Fk;

          Mik epiyikjhd; MltHf;Fk; cz;L”

                      (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; njhFjp-1> g. 3)

vdf; fhuz fhhpaj; njhlHGld; ngz;tpLjiyNa vy;yhtif tpLjiyf;Fk; tpj;jpLk; MzpNtH vd nkhopthH.

tho;f;ifj; Jiziaj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpik

    kfspH jkf;F Ntz;ba tho;f;ifj; Jiztiuj; jhNk NjHe;njLg;gNj rpwe;j Kiw vd;W>

         “tho;Tf;NfhH khg;gps;isiaf; fz;L – fhl;bj;

          ‘Njit ,td;’ vdNt nrg;Gk; nkhop vdf;Fj;

          Njd;! fdp! jpj;jpf;Fk;fw; fz;L”

                 (ghujpjhrd; ,iraKJ> njhFjp-2> g. 31)

vDk; ftpijapy; nkhopfpd;whH.  ,jpy; khg;gps;isiaj; jhNd NjHe;njLj;j ngz;izg; Gfo;e;Jiuf;fpwhH.

    ngz; jd;epiyapy; tpsf;fk; ngwj; jd; epiyapy; jsuhJ tho top tFg;gJ ngz; fy;tp vd;Wk;> mg;ngz; FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;ghfr; rKjhaj;jpd; cWg;ghf – kfshf – kidtpahf – jhahf – kUkfshf kw;w epiyAilatshf thOk;NghJ rpwg;ghfg; ngwNtz;baJ jpUkz chpikNaahFk;.  jpUkzj;ij ‘Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gapH’ vd;ghHfs;.  mg;gapH ed;F Kistpl;L Mokhf MNuhf;fpakhf tsuf; fUj;J xd;Wgl;l jk;gjpfs; ,y;yw tho;tpy; ,iza Ntz;Lk;.  Mdhy;> ,j;jifa epiy ,d;iwf;F ,Uf;fpwjh vd;W ghHf;Fk;NghJ ngUk;ghYk; ,y;iy.  ngaHg; nghUj;jk;> gzg; nghUj;jk;> rhjfg; nghUj;jk; ghHf;Fk; ngw;NwhH kdg; nghUj;jk; ghHg;gjpy;iy.  ,jdhy; gy jpUkzq;fs; ,ilapNyNa Kwpe;J Njhy;tpailfpd;wd.  ,jidf;$lj; jhq;fs; nra;j jtW vdg; ngw;NwhHfs; xg;Gf; nfhs;tjpy;iy.  rka> rKjha ek;gpf;ifahy; tpjpapd;Nky; gopia Vw;wptpLfpwhHfs;.  kzkfidj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpikia mtid kzf;fg;NghFk; ngz;Zf;F kl;Lk; tpLtjpy;iy.  jpUkzk; nra;J nfhLj;Jtpl;lhNyh mj;NjhL jq;fs; flik Kbe;Jtpl;lJ vd epidj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;.  mjd;gpd; ngz;Zf;F ,iof;fg;gLfpd;w nfhLikfSf;F mtHfs; nghWg;Ngw;gjpy;iy.  ,jd; tpisthfg; ngz; rl;lg;gb gy chpikfisg; ngw ,f;fhyj;jpYk; $lg; gy jPf;Fspg;Gfs; ek; rKjhaj;jpy; eilngWfpd;wd.  khkdhH> khkpahH> kidtp nfhLikahy; ve;j Mz; kfDk; jPf;Fspj;jjhf> mLg;Gfs; ntbj;jjhfr; rhpj;jpuNk ,y;iy.  ‘Mapuq;fhyj;Jg; gapH’ vd;w jpUkzg; gapH nropj;J tsu kztho;f;ifiaj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; KO chpikiaAk; ngz;Zf;Nf nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijg; nghpahH Nghpaf;fkhf ehL KOtJk; elj;jpdhH.

    ,j;jifa epiyapidg; nghpahH topepd;W ghujpjhrdhUk;>

         “fy;ahzk; Mfhj ngz;Nz – cd;

          fjpjd;id eP epr;rak; nra;f fz;Nz!

          jdpj;Jf; fple;jpLk; yhak; - mjpy;

          js;spailf;fg; gLq;Fjp iuf;Fk;

          fidj;jpl cj;juTz;L – tPl;by;

          fhhpif ehzTk; mQ;rTk; Ntz;Lk;

          fdj;j cd; ngw;Nwhiuf; NfNs? mtH

          fy;nyhj;j neQ;ir Ad; fz;zPhpdhNy

          eidj;jpLtha; mjd;NkYk; - mtH

          Qhak; juhtpby; tpLjiy Nkw;nfhs;”

                      (ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;> njhFjp-1> g. 117)

vdj; jpUkz chpikia epiy ehl;l ‘ngz;Zf;F ePjp’ ciuj;Js;shH.

    rhjfk; ghHj;Jj; jpUkzk; nra;jy;> ma;aH itj;Jg; gy rlq;FfNshL jpUkzk; nra;jy;> rhjpf;Fs;NsNa jpUkzk; nra;jy;> ngw;NwhH KbTg;gb kl;Lk; ngz; rk;kjkpd;wpj; jpUkzk; KbTnra;jy;> taJg; nghUj;jkpd;wpj; jpUkzk; nra;jy; vd;W gytiffspy; fle;j ehl;L eilKiwiaj; jPJ vd vLj;Jf;fhl;bg; ngz;-Mz; kdk; xj;jj; jpUkzk; ehl;by; eilKiwapy; tuNtz;Lk; vd topfhl;bath nghpahH MthH.

    ,Wjpahf> ,e;jpah tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; ,e;jpa murpay; rl;lKk;> rKjha eilKiwfSk; ngz;fSf;F cz;ikahd chpikfs; gy fpilf;f top tFj;Js;sd.  MapDk;> ,f;fhhpaj;jpYk; ngz;fSf;fhd rpy chpikfs; rl;lg;gbAk; eilKiwg;gbAk; nfhLf;f ,ayhJ kWf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd.  njhlHe;J te;j rKjha tuyhw;iw Nehf;Fk;nghOJ ,f;fhyj;Jg; ngz;fSf;nfdf; fpilj;Js;s rl;lg;gbahd chpikfs; ,ay;ghd msT cs;sd.  Mdhy;> mtw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjpy; gy rKjhag; gof;f tof;fq;fSk;> rka eilKiwfSk; jilfshf epyTfpd;wd.  ,jw;Fj; jPHT fhzf; fhyk;NjhWk; gy nghpahHfs; Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;.  ,JNt cyf epajpahFk;.  ngz;fs; gl;lq;fisg; ngwNtz;Lk;.  rl;lq;fs; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy ehL tpLjiy ngw;Wj; jdf;nfd xU murpay; rl;lj;ij cUthf;fpf; nfhz;lNghJ jhNd cUthfptpl;lJ.  ngz; rKjhaj;jpy; cau vj;jifa nray;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg; ngw Ntz;Lk; vdg; nghpahH epidj;jhNuh mj;jifa epfo;r;rpfs; nfhQ;rq; nfhQ;rkhf epiwNtwpf; nfhz;Nl tUfpd;wd.  nghpahhpd; ngz;Zhpikf; fdnty;yhk; ehl;by; edthf khwpf;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ.  nghpahH fUjpaJNghyg; ngz;fs; jhNk tpopj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;jhd; me;j epiy KOikahf ntw;wpailAk;> epiyngw;W epw;Fk; vdf; $Wjy; Kw;wpYk; nghUj;jKilajhFk;.

ed;wp

Kidth;. Nrh.Kj;jkpo;r;nry;td;